Chapter 4 Flashcards
How is a dermatome map used?
Doctors use it to diagnose the source of nerve pathologies
List the 4 parts of a synovial joint:
Articular surface covered in hyaline cartilage, articular cavity, well-former capsule with surrounding ligaments, and a synovial membrane, which secrete synovial fluid
What is the function of the dorsal nerve root
Provides sensory function
What is the function of the ventral nerve root
Provides motor function
Name the two regions of an intervertebral disc, and describe their functions:
Outer layer: _______
Inner later: ________
Outer layer: anulus fibrosis
Inner layer: nucleus pulposus
What is the biomechanical function of the intervertebral disc?
It acts as a biological shock absorber and a pivot point for motion
List, in order from superficial to deep, the meninges of the spinal cord:
Dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater
_____ connect bone to bone
Ligaments
The _____ ligament system holds system holds individual vertebrae together.
Intrasegmental
The _____ ligament system holds system holds many vertebrae together.
Intersegmental
____ _____ - connects the laminae of the vertebrae and protects the neural elements. The strongest of the spinal ligaments, it forms the posterior wall of the spinal canal
Ligamentum flavum
____ ligaments - run from the base of one spinous process to another
Interspinous
_____ ligament- runs along the posterior portion or distal tips of the spinous processes.
Supraspinous
Spinal canal:
It contains the spinal cord and it’s coverings, and is channel created by the sum of the vertebral formina
Spinal cord:
It is the inferior portion of the central nervous system, and is covered and protected by 3 concentric layers of menings
Meninges
Membranes
Sciatic nerve:
It exists in the sacrum through the sciatic foramen, and serves the leg flexor muscles. It supplies motor and sensory functions to the thigh, knee, calf, ankle, foot and toes.
List the posterior, lateral and anger lateral muscles of the back:
Transverseospinalis - rotation of the spine
Erector spinae- maintain the spine erect and provide for spinal extension
Typical total number in spine: cervical, thoracic and lumbar
Cervical-7
Thoracic- 12
Lumbar-5
Location and structure of the cauda equine and conus medullaris:
Cauda equina: nerve roots in spinal canal, inferior to L2 / resembles horses tail in the dural sac
Conus medullaris: exists at end of spinal cord / conical structure at the end of the spinal cord
Structure and function of the spinal nerve
Structure: nerve exiting from the spinal cord
Function: provides both sensory and motor functions
Structure and function of the autonomic nervous system
Structure: comprised of systematic and parasystematic systems
Function: involuntary component of nervous system that controls the function of the internal organs
List the 7 bony processes that are found protruding from the vertebral arch.
2 transverse processes
2 superior articular processes
2 inferior articular processes
1 spinous process
