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Anatomy - Carrissa Edits > Anatomy Test 1 > Flashcards

Anatomy Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Cancellous bone

A

Spongious bone, encased by cortical bone

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2
Q

Osteogenic cells

A

Bone precursor cells that can become either osteoblasts or osteoclasts

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3
Q

Osteocytes

A

Primary bone cells that keep bone alive

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4
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Cell that Destroy bone

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5
Q

Cortical bone

A

Dense, outer shell

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6
Q

_____ surrounds all bone. This structure is rich in vascular supply. Progenitor cells reside in this tissue layer

A

Periosteum

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7
Q

Bone is a biphasic material consisting of ____ and ____

A

Calcium phosphate and collagen

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8
Q

Describe wolfs law

A

Use it or loss it

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9
Q

When a bone fractures, a ______ _____ forms. This activity will be visible on a T2 MRI.

A

Blood clot

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10
Q

A soft tissue ____ then forms, but cannot support weight.

A

Callus

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11
Q

A ___ _____ then forms of the fracture has been immobilized.

A

Bony callus

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12
Q

Finally, normal bone ______ occurs as the bone is able to sustain normal loads

A

Remodeling

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13
Q

List the 4 things needed to maximize the healing of the bone

A

Restore anatomical relationships
Stabilize the fracture site
Preserve blood and nerve supply
Provide early and safe mobilization

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14
Q

A clear contradiction for kyphoplasty is ______

A

Infection

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15
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Skeletal disorder characterized by compromised bone strength predisposing to an increased risk of fracture

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16
Q

Osteopenia

A

Disorder of low bone mass in which bone strength is compromised, but not yet severe

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17
Q

How many bones in each section of the spine

A 
Cervical-7
Thoracic-12
Lumbar-5
Sacrum-5
Coccyx-4
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18
Q

Lumbar vertebra

Number of lumbar vertebrae:
Vertebral body shape:
Pedicle size:
Pedicle orientation:
Spinous process:
Vertebral foramen:
A 
Number of lumbar vertebrae: 5
Vertebral body shape: bean
Pedicle size: thick
Pedicle orientation: lateral to medial
Spinous process: hatchet
Vertebral foramen: triangular
19
Q

Thoracic vertebrae:

Number of thoracic vertebrae:
Vertebral body shape:
Pedicle size:
Pedicle orientation:
Spinous process:
Vertebral foramen:
A 
Number of thoracic vertebrae: 12
Vertebral body shape: heart
Pedicle size: thin
Pedicle orientation: sagitally-oriented
Spinous process: long
Vertebral foramen: round
20
Q

Name 2 rib joints

At which levels are there only one of these joints?

A

Costovertebral joint
Costotransverse joint

T11 and T12

21
Q

List components of the intervertebral disk

A

Nucleus pulposus

Annulus fibrosis

22
Q

Intervertebral disc

The endplates consist of _____ and ______.

A

Hyaline cartilage and cortical bone

23
Q

Name 2 ligaments and what they do:

A

Posterior longitudinal ligament- stabilizes flexion

Anterior longitudinal ligament- stabilizes extension

24
Q

Name the ligament that connects lamina to lamina

A

Ligamentum flava

25
Q

Lordosis

A

Excessive lumbar curvature, Swayback

26
Q

Kyphosis

A

Increase thoracic curvature over normal (Hunchback)

27
Q

Muscles

Thoracic region:

A

Trapezius

28
Q

Muscles

Lumbar region:

A

Latissimus dorsi

29
Q

Muscle that keeps spine extension

A

Erector spinae

30
Q

Muscle that supports posture

A

Transvereospinalis

31
Q

Name the pathway that an embolus would follow from a vertebral body into the lungs:

Lumbar and thoracic

A 
Basivertebral vein
Internal Venus plexus
Intervertebral vein
Segmental vein
Ascending lumbar vein
Azygos
Arch of azygos
Superior vena cava
Heart

Thoracic doesn’t have lumbar

32
Q

Menings:

A

Dura mater
Arachnoid
Pia mater

33
Q

Deepest mening

A

Pia mater

34
Q

There are ___ spinal nerves

A

31 pairs

35
Q

Nerves:

A

Ventral
Dorsal root ganglion
Spinal nerve
Dorsal root

36
Q

Costovertebral

A

12 (12 ribs that connect- vertebrae)

37
Q

Name the deep intrinsic back muscle that helps to keep the spine up right

A

Erector spinae

38
Q

Thoracic region

A

Trapezius

39
Q

Lumbar region

A

Latissimus Dorsi

40
Q

Name the deep intrinsic back muscle that helps to rotate the spine______.

A

Transversosponalis

41
Q

Is an extension of the Pia mater, located inferior to the spinal cord

A

Filum terminale

42
Q

Costotransverse

A

10 (exclude T11&T12)

43
Q

List the superficial muscle

A

Trapezius : thoracic

Latissimus dorsi : lumbar

Anatomy - Carrissa Edits (10 decks)

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