Chapter 4&5- Structuralism Flashcards
Thought meter / mind gauge made by Wundt to measure mental process of perceiving stimuli
Gedankenmesser
(T/F) Fechner was the founder of psychology as a formal academic discipline.
False. It was Wundt.
(T/F) Founding and originating are the same.
False
The book that firmly established psychology as an independent laboratory science with its own problems and methods of experimentation
Principles of Physiological Psychology
The _____ laboratory exerted immense influence on the development of modern psychology serving as the model for new laboratories and continuing research
Leipzig
(T/F) According to Wundt, simpler mental functions and higher mental processes can be studied through laboratory methods
False. Higher mental processes is not possible through scientific experimentation sonce they are conditioned by language and other aspects of cultural training
The idea that the mind has the capacity to organize mental contents into higher level thought processes
Voluntarism
(T/F)
immediate: the bread smells good
mediate: the bread is delicious
True (pls contact me if this is not right🤣)
It is the examination of one’s own mind to inspect and report on personal thoughts and feelings
introspection
The rules of introspection under Wundt:
- Observers must be able to determine when the process is to be inteoduced
- Observers must be in a state of readiness or strained attention
- It must be possible to repeat the observation several times
- It mus be possible to vary the experimental conditions in terms of controlled manipulation of variables
Wundt’s goals in studying the elements of consciousness (3)
- Analyze the conscious processes into their basic elements
- Discover how these elements are synthesized or organized
- Determine the laws of connection governing the organization of these elements
What are the two elementary forms of experience?
sensations and feelings
an elementary form of experience when a sense organ is stimulated and the resulting impulse reaches the brain
Sensations
(T/F) Sensations and images are the same for Wundt.
True. they both excite the cerebral cortex
An elementary form of experience which is the subjective complements of sensations but do not arise directly from a sense organ
Feelings
What is the tridimensional theory of feelings by Wundt?
Wundt’s explanation for feeling based on 3 dimensions
1. pleasure/displeasure
2. tension/relaxation
3. excitement/ depression
For Wundt, do sensations and feelings occur at the same time?
Yes they happen simultaneously. Feelings are complements to Sensations
It is the process.of organizing mental elements into a whole creative synthesis (law of psychic resultants) which creates new properties from the building up or combining of elements
Apperception
What were the criticisms to Wundt’s psychology? (3)
- Introspection yields disagreements because it is self observation
- His political stance on WWI
- Economic collapse after Germany lost WWI
Who was thenfirst psycholisgist to investigate learning and memory experimentally?
Hermann Ebbinghaus 🏠
It is the syllables that are presented in meaningless series to study memory processes
Nonsense syllables
(T/F) One of Ebbinghaus’ investigations showed that meaningless material is approximately 5 times harder to learn than meaningful material
False. It is 9 times.
(T/F) The forgetting curve shows that the material is forgotten rapidly in the first few hours after learning and more slowly thereafter
True
He contradicted Wundt’s views and his approach to psychology was empirical than experimental. His primary method was observation.
Franz Brentano
Focused on mental activities than mental components
act psychology
The two ways to study mental acts
- Through Memory
- Through Imagination
He argued that the primary data for psychology are phenomena
Carl Stumpf 😤
Stumpf’ inteospective method that examined experience as it occured and did not try to reduce experience elementary components
Phenomenology
He defined psychology as the sciece of facts of experience that is dependent on the experiencing person
Oswald Kulpe
It uses the retrospective reports of subjects’ cognitive processes after they had conpleted an experimental task
Systematic Experimental Introspection
the idea that meaning in thought can occur without sensory or imaginal component
imageless thought
Edward Titchner focused on mental elements orncontents and their mechanical linking through apperception.
False. He discarded Wundt’s doctrine of apperception. Change it to association
first woman to eran a doctoral degree in psychology
Margaret Floy Washburn
It is confusing mental processes under study with the stimulus or objects being observed
Stimulus error
(T/F) The consciousness and mind are similar
The consciousness is the sum of experiences as they exist at a given time
the mind is the sum of individual experiences accumulated over a life time
True
(T/F) Titchner adopted Kulpe’s method of introspection
True
Titchner was influenced by James Mill and the philosophy of mechanistic spirit. He called his subjects as?
Reagents
What are the three elementary states of consciousness?
Sensations, Images, and Affective States
What are the four attributes of mental elements? How can they be categorized?
Quality, Intensity, Duration, Clearness
Which refers to the sensation’s strength, weakness, loudness, or brightness?
Intensity
This refers to the course of sensation over time
Duration
