Chapter 3 - Physio

Question 1

Who was the Royal Astronomer who fired his assistant when he noticed that he was late for half of a second in observing stars passing from one point to another?

Answer 1

Reverend Nevil Maskelyne

Question 2

Who made an impact to the development of new psychology due to his “mistake”?

Answer 2

David Kinnebrook

Question 3

Who was the German astronomer who suspected that the so-called mistakes of the royal astronomer’s assistant was due to personal mistakes?

Answer 3

Friedrich Wilhem Bessel

Question 4

(T/F)
Johannes Muller: clinical method
Paul Broca: experimental method

Answer 4

False!!! Johannes Muller: experimental method

Paul Broca: clinical method

Question 5

Which does not belong to the group?
a. clinical method
b. extirpation
c. cranioscopy
d. electrical stimulation

Answer 5

cranioscopy. the others are techniques for mapping the brain from the inside

Question 6

Who found the movement cranioscopy?

Answer 6

Franz Joseph Gall

Question 7

Who revealed the direction of travel for nerve impulses in the brain and spinal cord?

Answer 7

Santiago Ramon y Cajal 🤠

Question 8

Luigi Galvani and Giovanni Aldini suggested that nerve impulses were ______?

Answer 8

electrical ⚡

Question 9

The Berlin Physical Society were committed to a single proposition that: all phenomena could be accounted for by the principles of?

Answer 9

Physics

Question 10

Which country was a fertile breeding ground for experimental psychology?

Answer 10

Germany 🇩🇪

Question 11

(T/F)
Germany: inductive
France and England: deductive

Answer 11

TRUE 👍

Question 12

Who followed a mechanistic and deterministic approach and assumes that human sense organs functioned like machines?

Answer 12

Hermann von Helmholtz

Question 13

Helmholtz liked technical analogies. He compared transmission of nerve impulses to?

Answer 13

operation of telegraph

Question 14

(T/F) Helmholtz invented the opthalmoscope

Answer 14

True 👍

Question 15

The speed of the neural impulse as found by Helmholtz

Answer 15

90 feet per second

Question 16

Who was interested in the study of physiology of sense organs primarily of the cutaneous skin senses and muscular sensations?

Answer 16

Ernst Weber

Question 17

What is the two point threshold?

Answer 17

It is the threshold at which two point of stimulations can be distinguished as such

Question 18

What is the smallest difference that can be detected between two physical stimuli?

Answer 18

Just noticeable difference

Question 19

It is the point at which a psychological effect begins to be produced

Answer 19

Threshold

Question 20

What is the just noticable difference between two weights? (hint: it is a constant ratio)

Answer 20

1:40

Question 21

The pen name of Gustav Theodor Fechner which he used to write satirical essays to ridicule science and medicine

Answer 21

Dr. Mises

Question 22

Why was October 22, 1850 a significant day for the history of psychology?

Answer 22

it was the day when Fechner had a flash of insight saying that there is a quantitative relationship between mental sensation and material stimulus

Question 23

(T/F) Geometric series characterizes stimus
Arithmetic series characterizes sensation

Answer 23

True

Question 24

(T/F) The amount of sensation depends on the amount if stimulation

Answer 24

True

Question 25

What are the two ways to measure sensation?

Answer 25

1. Determine if the stimulus is present or absent; and if sensed or not sensed
2. measure the stimulus intensity at which subjects report the sensation first occurs (absolute threshold)

Question 26

What is differential threshold?

Answer 26

It is the least amount of change in stimulus to give rise to a change in sensation

Question 27

It is the study of relations between the mental and physical processes

Answer 27

Psychophysics

Question 28

What are the 3 methods of psychophysics?

Answer 28

1. method of average error / method of adjustment
2. method of constant stimuli
3. method of limits

Question 29

The book which is an outstanding original contribution to the development of scientific psychology

Answer 29

Elements of psychophysics

Question 30

refers to the relationship between sensation and the accompanying brain and nerve excitation

Answer 30

inner psychophysics

Question 31

What is outer psychophysics?

Answer 31

it is the relationship between the stimulus and the subjective intensity of senration as measured by psychophysical methods

Question 32

The point of sensitivity below which no sensations can be detected and above which sensations can be experienced.

Answer 32

Absolute threshold

Question 33

removing or destroying a part of an animal’s brain and observing the resulting behavior changes.

Answer 33

Extirpation

Question 34

(T/F)
The clinical method is a useful supplement to extirpation

Answer 34

True

Post humous examination of brain structures to detect damaged areas assumed to be responsible for behavioral conditions that existed before the person died.

Question 35

use of weak electrical currents to explore the cerebral cortex

Answer 35

Electrical stimulation

Question 36

posits that the shape of a person’s skull revealed his or her intellectual and emotional characteristics.

Answer 36

cranioscopy/phrenology