Chapter 3 - Physio Flashcards
Who was the Royal Astronomer who fired his assistant when he noticed that he was late for half of a second in observing stars passing from one point to another?
Reverend Nevil Maskelyne
Who made an impact to the development of new psychology due to his “mistake”?
David Kinnebrook
Who was the German astronomer who suspected that the so-called mistakes of the royal astronomer’s assistant was due to personal mistakes?
Friedrich Wilhem Bessel
(T/F)
Johannes Muller: clinical method
Paul Broca: experimental method
False!!! Johannes Muller: experimental method
Paul Broca: clinical method
Which does not belong to the group?
a. clinical method
b. extirpation
c. cranioscopy
d. electrical stimulation
cranioscopy. the others are techniques for mapping the brain from the inside
Who found the movement cranioscopy?
Franz Joseph Gall
Who revealed the direction of travel for nerve impulses in the brain and spinal cord?
Santiago Ramon y Cajal 🤠
Luigi Galvani and Giovanni Aldini suggested that nerve impulses were ______?
electrical ⚡
The Berlin Physical Society were committed to a single proposition that: all phenomena could be accounted for by the principles of?
Physics
Which country was a fertile breeding ground for experimental psychology?
Germany 🇩🇪
(T/F)
Germany: inductive
France and England: deductive
TRUE 👍
Who followed a mechanistic and deterministic approach and assumes that human sense organs functioned like machines?
Hermann von Helmholtz
Helmholtz liked technical analogies. He compared transmission of nerve impulses to?
operation of telegraph
(T/F) Helmholtz invented the opthalmoscope
True 👍
The speed of the neural impulse as found by Helmholtz
90 feet per second
Who was interested in the study of physiology of sense organs primarily of the cutaneous skin senses and muscular sensations?
Ernst Weber
What is the two point threshold?
It is the threshold at which two point of stimulations can be distinguished as such
What is the smallest difference that can be detected between two physical stimuli?
Just noticeable difference
It is the point at which a psychological effect begins to be produced
Threshold
What is the just noticable difference between two weights? (hint: it is a constant ratio)
1:40
The pen name of Gustav Theodor Fechner which he used to write satirical essays to ridicule science and medicine
Dr. Mises
Why was October 22, 1850 a significant day for the history of psychology?
it was the day when Fechner had a flash of insight saying that there is a quantitative relationship between mental sensation and material stimulus
(T/F) Geometric series characterizes stimus
Arithmetic series characterizes sensation
True
(T/F) The amount of sensation depends on the amount if stimulation
True
What are the two ways to measure sensation?
- Determine if the stimulus is present or absent; and if sensed or not sensed
- measure the stimulus intensity at which subjects report the sensation first occurs (absolute threshold)
What is differential threshold?
It is the least amount of change in stimulus to give rise to a change in sensation
It is the study of relations between the mental and physical processes
Psychophysics
What are the 3 methods of psychophysics?
- method of average error / method of adjustment
- method of constant stimuli
- method of limits
The book which is an outstanding original contribution to the development of scientific psychology
Elements of psychophysics
refers to the relationship between sensation and the accompanying brain and nerve excitation
inner psychophysics
What is outer psychophysics?
it is the relationship between the stimulus and the subjective intensity of senration as measured by psychophysical methods
The point of sensitivity below which no sensations can be detected and above which sensations can be experienced.
Absolute threshold
removing or destroying a part of an animal’s brain and observing the resulting behavior changes.
Extirpation
(T/F)
The clinical method is a useful supplement to extirpation
True
Post humous examination of brain structures to detect damaged areas assumed to be responsible for behavioral conditions that existed before the person died.
use of weak electrical currents to explore the cerebral cortex
Electrical stimulation
posits that the shape of a person’s skull revealed his or her intellectual and emotional characteristics.
cranioscopy/phrenology
