Chapter 4 & 5 Deck Flashcards
Under a ( ) structure, employees from various functional areas form teams to combine their skills in working on a specific project.
matrix
The principle of ( ) refers to the number of people reporting to a particular manager.
span of control
What are the four primary functions of management?
- planning
- organizing
- directing
- controlling resources
After you have clarified a problem, your next step is to:
generate possible solutions
The ability to get along well with and motivate other people depends on ( ) skills and is vital at any level of management.
interpersonal
( ) planning means identifying those aspects of a business that are most likely to be adversely affected by change.
Contingency
SWOT analysis is a common approach used to:
assess a company’s fit with its environment.
A company’s ( ) states what the organization is generally committed to doing.
mission statement
If there is a difference between actual performance and standard performance, the reason is:
- lower than expected performance.
- higher than expected performance.
- poorly calculated standard.
The toughest part of the problem-solving process is ( ).
selecting your best option
The ( ) enforces a number of federal employment laws, including the Equal Pay Act.
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
( ) are forms of compensation other than salaries, hourly wages, or financial incentives.
benefits
( ) starts when each side states its position and presents its demands.
negotiation
Under a ( ) policy, you can work fewer than 40 hours a week if you’re willing to have your pay and benefits adjusted accordingly.
part-time employment
The selection process is an HR function that:
utilizes information gathered through employment tests and interviews
( ) is the process of settling differences and establishing mutually agreeable conditions under which employees will work.
Collective bargaining
Low turnover is particularly important in the ( ) industry because it depends on service-oriented personnel to generate repeat business.
retail
Before on-the-job training begins, all new hires are introduced to their jobs through a process called ( ).
orientation
You’d make the process ( ) by ensuring that the right things got done and that they all contributed to the success of the enterprise.
effective
You’d make the process ( ) by ensuring that activities were performed in the right way and used the fewest possible resources.
efficient
In ( ), managers set goals and determine the best way to achieve them.
planning
( ) means allocating resources (people, equipment, and money) to carry out the company’s plans.
organizing
( ) is the process of providing focus for employees and motivating them to achieve organizational goals.
directing
( ) involves comparing actual to expected performance and taking corrective action when necessary.
controlling
Where does planning begin in a business context?
Planning begins at the highest level and works its way down through the organization.
( ) is the process of establishing an overall course of action.
strategic planning
( ) are fundamental beliefs about what’s important and what is and isn’t appropriate in conducting company activities.
core values
( ) are major accomplishments that the company wants to achieve over a long period (say, five years).
goals
( ) are shorter-term performance targets that direct the activities of the organization toward the attainment of a goal.
objectives
The overall plan is broken down into more manageable, shorter-term components called ( ).
tactical plans
The tactical plan is then broken down into various ( ) that provide detailed action steps to be taken by individuals or groups to implement the tactical plan and, consequently, the strategic plan.
operational plans
( ) means altering existing organizational structures to become more competitive under conditions that have changed.
restructuring
Every manager has a ( ), a way of interacting with and influencing others.
leadership style
Managers who have developed ( ) tend to make decisions without soliciting input from subordinates.
autocratic leadership style
Managers who favor a ( ) generally seek input from subordinates while retaining the authority to make the final decisions.
democratic leadership style
In practicing a ( ), managers adopt a “hands-off” approach and provide relatively little direction to subordinates.
laissez-faire leadership style
You need ( ) skills to perform specific tasks.
technical
Having the ability to reason abstractly and analyze complex situations means you have ( ) skills.
conceptual
Top managers need strong ( ), while those at midlevels need good ( ) and those at lower levels need ( ).
conceptual skills/interpersonal skills/technical skills
This consists of all actions that an organization takes to attract, develop, and retain quality employees.
human resource management (HRM)
Identification of the tasks, responsibilities, and skills of a job, as well as the knowledge and abilities needed to perform it.
job analysis
( ) supplement a company’s permanent workforce.
contingent workers
Psychologist Abraham Maslow’s ( ) proposed that we are motivated by the five unmet needs.
hierarchy-of-needs theory
What are the five unmet needs according to the hierarchy-of-needs theory?
- Physiological needs
- Safety needs
- Social needs
- Esteem needs
- Self-actualization needs
( ) divides work factors into motivation factors (those that are strong contributors to job satisfaction) and hygiene factors (those that, though not strong contributors to satisfaction, must be present to prevent job dissatisfaction).
two-factor theory
( ) proposes that employees work hard to obtain a reward when they value the reward, believe that their efforts will result in acceptable performance, and believe that acceptable performance will lead to a desired outcome or reward.
expectancy theory
( ) focuses on our perceptions of how fairly we’re treated relative to others.
equity theory
If you’re paid according to the number of hours you work, you’re earning ( ).
wages
if you’re paid for fulfilling the responsibilities of a position—regardless of the number of hours required to do it—you’re earning a ( ).
salary
Compensation paid to workers according to the quantity of a product that they produce or sell.
piecework
Compensation paid to employees based on the dollar amount of sales that they make.
commission
( ) are the annual income given in addition to salary
bonuses
A ( ) relies on a predetermined formula to distribute a share of the company’s profits to eligible employees.
profit-sharing plan
( ) gives employees the right to buy a specific number of shares of company stock at a set price on a specified date.
stock-option plans
Other factors may contribute to employee satisfaction. Some companies use ( ) to make jobs more interesting and challenging.
job redesign
( ) allows employees to rotate from one job to another on a systematic basis.
job rotation
( ) enhances a job by adding tasks at similar skill levels.
job enlargement
( ) adds tasks that increase both responsibility and opportunity for growth.
job enrichment
( ) allows employees to designate starting and quitting times, compress workweeks, or perform part-time work.
flextime
With ( ), two people share one full-time position.
job sharing
On a semiannual or annual basis, managers also conduct formal ( ) to discuss and evaluate employees’ work performance.
performance appraisals
The ( ) approach ensures that employees (mostly managers) get feedback from all directions—from supervisors, reporting subordinates, coworkers, and even customers.
360-degree feedback
( ) requires only the manager’s subordinates to provide feedback.
upward feedback
Permanent separation of an employee from a company.
turnover
Sometimes, employers lay off workers because revenues are down and they must resort to ( ) —to cut costs by eliminating jobs.
downsizing
Legal doctrine that allows an employer to fire an employee at will.
employment-at-will
Some workers belong to ( ) —organized groups of workers that bargain with employers to improve members’ pay, job security, and working conditions.
labor unions
