Chapter 4-5 Flashcards
Aphasia therapy timeline includes
Spontaneous recovery- 6 months post onset
Individuals improve even with no intervention
Therapy facilitates even greater recovery
After stoke or other damage to the brain that produces aphasia, individuals experience a period of ____ that lasts approximately ____ ____ ___
After store or other damage to the brain that produces aphasia, individuals experience a period of spontaneous recovery that lasts approximately 6 months post onset
During aphasia therapy, individuals with aphasia _____ to some degree even with ___ _____
During aphasia therapy, individuals with aphasia improve to some degree even with no intervention
Therapy for aphasia during this time of spontaneous recovery facilities even greater levels of recovery and cues further improvement past the level achieved with spontaneous recovery alone
Three types of aphasia therapy approaches
- Restorative
- Compensatory
- Social therapy
____ is meant to help a patient regain lost ability by reducing actual levels of deficits
Restorative therapy
The ability of a part of the brain to change its previous function and to take on and learn a new and previously unknown role
Neuroplasticity
____ is central to the concept of restorative therapy
Neuroplasticity
Hidred Schuell speech language pathologist who pioneered the idea that with appropriate ____ individuals with ____ can ____ ____ ___
Hidred Schuell speech language pathologist who pioneered the idea that with appropriate intervention individuals with aphasia can regain lost abilities
Neuroplascitiy is central to the concept of ____
Restorative therapy
Restorative therapy is meant to help a patient _____ by reducing ____ ____ of ____
Is meant to help a patient regain lost ability by reducing actual levels of deficit.
Which speech language pathologist pioneered the idea that with appropriate intervention individuals with aphasia can regain lost abilities
Hildred schuell
This approach focuses on using the auditory modality of language to restimulate the acquisition of language in other modalities
Schuells stimulation approach
4 examples of therapy tasks used in schuells stimulation approach:
- Point-to tasks
- Following directions with objects
- Yes/no questions
- Paraphrasing/retelling
The schuells stimulation approach focuses on using the ___ _____ of ____ to ____ the ___ of _____ in other ___.
The stimulation approach focuses on using the auditory modality of language to restimulate the acquisition of language in other modalities.
During these tasks, the speech language pathologist asks the patient to point to something or to many things sequentially.
Point-to tasks
The higher the verbal comprehension level of the patient, the point-to utterance he should be able to understand and hold in memory long enough to complete.
Higher the ____ ___, the ____, more ____ the utterance should be.
Higher the verbal comprehension the longer more complex the utterance should be.
Schuells stimulation approach therapy tasks can be completed with no verbal language. True or false
True
Schuells stimulation approach can be completed with no ___ ____.
Can be completed with no verbal language.
Questions that require a simple yes or no response from the patient are classic tasks of aphasia therapy
Yes/no questions
In these tasks, the patient must retell a story or paraphrase a paragraph that she read quietly to herself or heard read aloud by the speech-language pathologist
Paraphrasing/retelling
The speech language pathologist gives the patient a simple task, such as “pick up the flashlight”, progressing to more difficult tasks, such as “pick up the flashlight and put in soon beside the mirror after i touch the pencil.”
Following directions with objects
In paraphrasing/ retelling, comprehend the material, remember, and find the words to communicate the meaning appropriately.
___ Focuses on using the intact melodic/prosodic processing skills of the right hemisphere to cue retrieval of words and expressive language.
Melodic intonation therapy (MIT)
Melodic intonation therapy (MIT) universally involves ___ and ___ at first, ___ words or ____ phrases in a ___ and ___ manner that varies only by two notes.
Modeling and eliciting at first, functional words or short phrases in a slow and singsong manner that varies only by two notes.
The clinician uses his/her hand as a visual cue to emphasize the change in phonation or by tapping the left hand along with the syllables of the short utterance.
Melodic intonation therapy (MIT)
Modeling and eliciting functional words or short phrases in a slow and singsong manner that varies only by two notes.
Melodic intonation therapy (MIT)
Melodic intonation therapy, the clinician uses his/her ___ as a ___ cue to emphasize the ___ in _____ or by ____ the left hand along with the ____ of the ___ utterance.
The clinician uses his/her hand as a visual cue to emphasize the change in phonation or by tapping the left hand along with the syllables of the short utterance.
Melodic intonation therapy focuses on using the intact ___/____ ____ skills of the right hemisphere to ___ retrieval of ___ and ___ language.
Focuses on using the intact melodic/prosodic processing skills of the right hemisphere to cue retrieval of words and expressive language.
A successful patient will progress through various ___ of the Melodic intonation therapy program envisioned by ___(1991).
Patient will progress through various levels of the MIT program envisioned by Helm-Estabrooks (1991).
The first level of melodic intonation therapy focus on successful elicitation of ____
Verbal utterances
Level two of melodic intonation therapy focuses on elicitation of ____ after a delay in ___ from the SLP
Level 2: Verbal utterances after a delay in cues from the SLP
Last level of melodic intonation therapy, the SLP attempts to push the patient into producing more ___ spontaneous utterances while ___ ____ the use of melodic intonation therapy ___ and intonation patterns and slowly ___ them with normal prosody.
Encourage client to produce more complex and spontaneous utterances while fading out the use of MIT cues and intonation patterns and slowly replacing them with normal prosody.
Levels of melodic intonation therapy
Level 1: Verbal utterances
Level 2: Verbal utterances after a delay in cues from the SLP
Level 3: Encourage client to produce more complex and spontaneous utterances while fading out the use of MIT cues and intonation patterns and slowly replacing them with normal prosody.
when an individual learns to compensate for a deficit by employing other intact abilities and, in doing so, ceases to exercise the physical or intellectual ability in which the deficit is present.
Learned nonuse
the reversal of learned nonuse stemming from ___(CIMT)
Reversal of learned nonuse stemming from Constraint induced movement therapy (CIMT)
The primary principles of constraint- induced movement therapy are the following:
1) The use of constraints to restrict compensation for the target deficit.
2) Massed practice
3) Shaping of the behavior
Constraint induced aphasia therapy (CIAT) applies the principles of constraint induced movement therapy (CIMT) to the rehabilitation of aphasia.
CIAT applies the principles of ___ to the rehabilitation of __.
CIAT applies the principles of CIMT to the rehabilitation of aphasia.
Prevent the individual with aphasia from producing any errors in therapy to avoid reinforcement for error production.
Errorless learning therapy
The use of errorless learning therapy is primarily supported in the realm of treating ____ ____
Primarily used in the realm of treating memory deficits.
Errorless learning therapy Has begun being used with ____.
Has begun being used with anomia.
Errorless learning therapy prevent the individual with ___ from producing any ___ in therapy to ___ ____ for error production.
Prevent the individual with aphasia from producing any errors in therapy to avoid reinforcement for error production.
To achieve errorless therapy for errorless learning, the difficulty level of the task is set so ___ as to ___ any possibility of __ production.
The difficulty of the task is set so low as to avoid any possibility of error production.
Uses large amounts of repetition and drill
Errorless learning therapy Uses large amounts of repetition and drill
Errorless learning therapy uses large amounts of __ and ___
Uses large amounts of repetition and drill
The difficulty of the task is set so low as to avoid any possibility of error production.
Errorless learning therapy
Difficulty level arises slowly over time when the patient can succeed 100% at a higher level of difficulty.
Errorless learning therapy
Errorless learning therapy ____ level arises ___ over time when the patient can succeed 100% at a ___ level of difficulty.
Difficulty level arises slowly over time when the patient can succeed 100% at a higher level of difficulty.
___ Is meant to help patients increase their level of function despite their deficits.
Compensatory therapy
Compensatory therapy is used especially for individuals with ___ to __ __
Especially for individuals with severe to profound aphasia.
Compensatory therapy Is meant to help patients ___ their level of ___ despite their ___.
Is meant to help patients increase their level of function despite their deficits.
The primary form of compensatory therapy used in aphasia is ____
Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC)
What does AAC stand for?
Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC)
In Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC), augmentative refers to ___, and alternative refers to ___
Augmentative- complementing the remaining language abilities
Alternative- replace the person’s language system entirely
_____- complementing the remaining language abilities
Augmentative- complementing the remaining language abilities
____- replace the person’s language system entirely
Alternative- replace the person’s language system entirely
___ includes gestures, draw pictures, point to pictures or symbols on a communication board or folder to communicate
Low tech: gestures, draw pictures, point to pictures or symbols on a communication board or folder to communicate
___ includes programmable voice-generating computer devices like Lingraphica and Proloquo2go
High tech: programmable voice-generating computer devices like Lingraphica and Proloquo2go
Two types of AAC
Low tech and high tech
The presence and severity of ____ deficits is a determining factor in the AAC strategy that is implemented for patients
Cognitive deficits
Focuses on reducing individual’s barriers to communication and improver overall quality of life.
Social therapy
Social therapy primarily used to address the problems of a ____ of ____ and____ ___ due to aphasia.
Primarily used to address the problems of a loss of confidence and social isolation due to aphasia.
3 goals of social therapy include:
- Increase confidence as a speaker.
- Increase opportunities a person has to communicate.
- Increase the person’s overall sense of being valued and accepted by others.
The right hemisphere processes certain nonlinguistic and emotional elements of communication. True or false
True
Normal functions of the right hemisphere include: 1
-Perception:
of depth
of distance
of shapes
-Localization of targets in space
-Puts together small details for the perception of the larger picture.
Normal functions of the right hemisphere include: 2
-Processing the melody of music
-Sustained and selected attention
-Nonlinguistic and emotional elements of communication:
Prosody and facial expression
Gestures
Body language
These non linguistic elements of communication include:
Nonlinguistic and emotional elements of communication:
Prosody and facial expression:
Gestures
Body language
The right hemisphere plays very important roles in math and visuospatial skills such as perception of ___, perception of ___, perception of ___, localization of ____-, and identification of ___ relationships.
The right hemisphere plays very important roles in math and visuospatial skills such as perception of depth, perception of distance, perception of shapes, localization of targets in space, and identification of figure-ground relationships.
the cerebral hemispheres do not normally operate in isolation but in tandem. True or false
True
One hemisphere may play the dominant role, the processes of one hemisphere support and augment the processes in the other. True or false
True
Typically, right hemisphere disorders often not involved in ______
Not involved in (language –related deficits)
An individual who has a experienced a right hemisphere stroke might still have intact and functional ____ abilities because those skills localized in the ___ cerebral hemisphere remain untouched.
Language; left
The right hemisphere regulates many cognitive functions that subserve language, such as sustained and selective attention, that make effective linguistic communication possible
A study by Glosser, Wiener, and Kaplan indicates that speakers with aphasia can use their intact right hemisphere functions of processing nonlingustic cues ( i.e., prosody, body language, and facial expression) to communicate with others (to some degree) despite their language deficits.
The right hemispheres role in communication is to process nonlinguistic cues, which include:
Prosody,
Body language
Facial expression
The source of damage to the brain that is most often responsible for right hemisphere damage is ____
Stroke
Other etiologies (causes) of right hemisphere disorders include
Trauma
Disease
Seizure disorders
Infection
Toxicity
A person can have aphasia cannot have right hemisphere deficits. True or false
False. ** A person can have aphasia and right hemisphere deficits.**
____ is most often responsible for right hemisphere damage
Stroke
Categories of disorders and deficits with right hemisphere damage:
Communication deficits
Visuoperceptual deficits
Attentional deficits
Neuropsychiatric disorders
What disorders/deficits fall under communication deficits in right hemisphere disorders?
A. Facial recognition (prosopagnosia)
B. Comprehending and using facial expressions
C. Prosodic deficits
D. Inferencing deficits
E. Discourse deficits
What disorders/deficits fall under attentional deficits in right hemisphere disorders?
A. Sustained
B. Selective attention deficits
