Chapter 4

Question 1

5 components of an ecosystem

Answer 1

Mineral nutrients, energy, water, oxygen, and living organisms

Question 2

Biotic factors

Answer 2

Environmental factors that result in activities with living organisms which include plants, animals, dead organisms, and the waste of these.

Question 3

Abiotic factors

Answer 3

Environmental factors that are not associated with the activities of living organisms, including air, water, rocks, and temp.

Question 4

Organisms

Answer 4

Living things that can carry out the life processes independently (anything living)

Question 5

Species

Answer 5

A group of organisms that are closely related and can mate to produce offspring

Question 6

Populations

Answer 6

Groups of organisms of the same species that live in a specific geographical area and interbreed

Question 7

Communities

Answer 7

Groups of various species that live in the same habitat and interact with eachother
Made up of different populations

Question 8

Habitat

Answer 8

Place where organism lives

Question 9

Natural selection

Answer 9

the process by which individuals that have favorable variations are better adapted to their environment survive and reproduce more successfully

Question 10

Evolution

Answer 10

Change in the characteristics of a population, from one generation to another

Question 11

Process of evolution by natural selection

Answer 11

individuals in a population vary in each generation. some of these variations are genetic or inherited. more individuals are produced than live to grow up and reproduce. individuals with some genes are more likely to survive and reproduce than individuals with other genes.

Question 12

Concept of adaptation

Answer 12

its becoming adapted to an environment, it is also an inherited trait increasing chance of survival and reproduction. it is an anatomical, physiological or behavioural change that improves a population’s ability to survive.

Question 13

The steps by which a population of insects become resistant to pesticides

Answer 13

survivors of the pesticide have a gene that protects them from it, then the survivors pass on the gene to their offspring, lastly each time the pesticide is sprayed the insects have agretaer survival chance.

Question 14

Adaptation

Answer 14

The process of becoming adapted to an environment

Question 15

coevolution

Answer 15

The process of two species evolving in response to long-term interactions with each other

Question 16

Mutualistic coevolution

Answer 16

Both organisms benefit from eachother

Ex: spider crab and algae, digestive bacteria and humans

Question 17

Competitive coevolution

Answer 17

When one organism evolves and has a negative effect on another organism

Question 18

Artificial selection

Answer 18

The selective breeding of organisms, by humans, for specific desirable characteristics

Question 19

Resistance

Answer 19

The ability of an organism to tolerate a chemical or disease designed to kill

Question 20

3 domains and 4 kingdoms of organisms and characteristics of each

Answer 20

domain archaea- reproduces by dividing in half, found in harsh environments
domain bacteria- reproduces by dividing in half; very common
domain eukarya- cells contain nuclei; reproduce asexually and sexually
kingdom fungi- absorbs their food through body surface; most live on land
kingdom protista- most are unicellular, most live in water
kingdom plantae- multicellular mkae their food with photosynthesis
kingdom animalia- multicellular; have no cell walls; ingest their food; live on land and water

Question 21

Archaea

Answer 21

Differ from bacteria in their genetics and the makeup of their cell wall

Question 22

Bacteria

Answer 22

Unicellular organisms that usually have a cell wall and reproduce by cell division

Question 23

The role of Protists in the ocean environment

Answer 23

protists are unicellular and floar=t on the oceans surface, protists are the initial source of food in most ocean and freshwater ecosystems

Question 24

Fungus

Answer 24

An organism whose cells have nuclei and belong to a kingdom fungi

Question 25

Gymnosperms

Answer 25

Woody vascular seed plants whose seeds are not enclosed by a fruit (no ovary)

Question 26

Angiosperms

Answer 26

A flowering plant that produces seeds within fruits

Question 27

Intervertebraes

Answer 27

Animals that do not have backbones

Question 28

Vertebrates

Answer 28

Animals that have a backbone

Question 29

Ecosystem

Answer 29

All organisms living in an area together with their physical abiotic movement, they have no boundaries