Chapter 1

Question 1

Ecology

Answer 1

The study of interactions of living organisms with one another in their environment

Question 2

Agricultural

Answer 2

The raising of crops and livestock for food or for other products that are useful to humans

Question 3

Spaceship earth (a closed system)

Answer 3

Energy from the sun is the only thing that enters the earth atmosphere in large amounts and The only thing that leaves in large amounts is Heat.

Problems?

• Some resources were limited and as the population grows the resources will be used more rapidly
• The possibility that we will produce wastes more quickly than we can dispose of them

Question 4

Natural resource

Answer 4

Any natural material that is used by humans, especially water, petroleum, minerals, forest, and animals

Question 5

Renewable resource

Answer 5

• Can be replaced quickly by natural processes
• freshwater, air, soil, trees, and crops are all resources that can be renewed
• Energy from the sun is also renewable

Question 6

Nonrenewable resources

Answer 6

• Forms at a much slower rate than the rate that it is consumed
• nonrenewable resources are minerals and fossil fuel
• once a nonrenewable resources used up it it may take millions of years to replenish it

Ex. Metals- iron,aluminum, copper
Nonmetallic- salt, sand, clay

Question 7

Pollution

Answer 7

Undesired change in air, water, or soil that harmfully affects the Health, survival, or activity of humans/living organisms

Question 8

Biodegradable pollutants

Answer 8

Can be broken down by natural processes (human waste or Newspaper )

Question 9

Non degradable pollutants

Answer 9

Can NOT be broken down by natural processes (ex: Mercury, lead, some types of plastic)

Question 10

Biodiversity

Answer 10

# and variety of species that live in an area, 
genetic variation within the population ,
The variety of species in a community

Question 11

The tragedy of the commons

Answer 11

• it was in the best interest of an individual to put as many animals in the commons as possible
• however, if too many animals grazed on the commons, they destroyed the grass
• once the grass was destroyed, everyone suffered because no one could raise animals on the commons
• The commons were eventually replaced by closed fields owned by individuals
• owners were now careful not to put too many animals on the land because overgrazing wouldn’t allow them to raise as many animals next year.

Question 12

Law of supply and demand

Answer 12

The greater demand of a product, the more it’s worth

Question 13

Ecological footprint

Answer 13

Calculations that show the productive area of earth needed to support one person in a particular country

• estimates the land used for crops, grazing, forests products, and housing.
  
  • includes ocean area for harvesting seafood and forest area needed to absorb the air pollution caused by fossil fuels

Question 14

Sustainability

Answer 14

The condition in which human needs are met in such a way that human population can survive indefinitely

Question 15

Negative effects of the agricultural revolution

Answer 15

Many habitats(grasslands, forests, and wetlands) were destroyed and replaced with farmlands

• replacing forest with farmland can cause soil loss, floods, and water shortages.
• poorly farmed areas are no longer fertile (loss of nutrients, Salt contamination)

Question 16

Positive effects of the agricultural revolution

Answer 16

• Allowed for large human population growth
• led to large populations in small areas
• increased sanitation and nutrition

Question 17

Environment science

Answer 17

The study of air water and land surrounding an organism or community ranging from a small area to earths entire biosphere
- includes the study of the impact of humans on the environment and involves a PHYSICAL, BIOLOGICAL, & SOCIAL SCIENCES.

Question 18

Positive effects of the industrial revolution

Answer 18

• Motorized vehicles allowed food to be transported cheaply across greater distance
• In factories, production of goods became less expensive than the local production of homemade goods
• machinery reduce the amount of land and human labor needed to produce food
• populations in urban areas grew

Question 19

Negative effects of the industrial revolution

Answer 19

Pollution and habitat loss became much more common

Question 20

Hardin’s point in the tragedy of the commons

Answer 20

Someone or some group must take responsibility for maintaining a resource or it will become depleted

Question 21

The goals of environmental science

Answer 21

To understand and solve environmental problems

To accomplish this goal:
Scientists study 1.) how our actions alter our environment and 2.) The use of natural resources

Question 22

What are the 3 Environmental problems occur on different scales

Answer 22

Local, regional, global