Chapter 4

Question 1

Ecosystem

Answer 1

All of the organisms living in an area together with their physical abiotic environment.
Does not have clear boundaries
All things are connected-energy from the sun
Things move from one ecosystem to another
Ex: pollen (blow from a forest into a field)
Soil (can wash from a mountain into a lake)
Birds (migrate from state to state)

Question 2

Components of the ecosystem

Answer 2

Energy, mineral nutrients, water, oxygen, and living organisms

Most of the energy of an ecosystem comes from the sun

All things are connected; if one part is destroyed/changes the entire system will be affected

Question 3

Biotic factors

Answer 3

Environmental factors that associate or result from the activity of living organisms which Include plants, animals, Dead organisms and waste product of organisms

Question 4

Abiotic factors

Answer 4

Environmental factors that are not associated with the activity of living things Which are Air, water, rocks, sand, light, and temp

Question 5

Organisms

Answer 5

Living things that carry out life independently

Every organism is a member of a species

Question 6

Species

Answer 6

A group of organisms that can mate to produce fertile offspring

Question 7

Populations

Answer 7

A group of the same species in the same place

Usually breed with each other and not other populations

Question 8

Communities

Answer 8

A group of various species that live in the same place and interact with each other. Made up of different populations
Only biotic components.

Question 9

Habitat

Answer 9

The place where an organism lives.

Includes abiotic and biotic factors that the organisms that lives there needs to survive.

Question 10

Evolution by natural selection

Answer 10

Charles Darwin observed that organisms in a population differ slightly from each other In form, function, and behavior

Environment exerts a strong influence over which individuals survive to produce offspring and because of their different traits and genetic characteristics they are more likely to survive and reproduce

Question 11

Natural selection

Answer 11

Is the process by which individuals that have favorable variations and are better adapted to their environment survival and reproduce more successfully than less adapted individuals do

Question 12

Adaptation

Answer 12

Process of becoming adapted to the environment increasing your chance of survival
(Inherited)

Question 12

Evolution

Answer 12

Is a change in the characteristics of a population from one generation to the next

Question 14

Coevoulution

Answer 14

Two species evolving in response to long term interactions with each other

Question 15

Mutualistic Coevoulution

Answer 15

Both organisms benefit from each other

Question 16

Comparative coevoulution

Answer 16

One organism evolves and has a negative effect on another organism

Question 16

Resistance

Answer 16

The ability of an organism to tolerate a chemical or disease causing agent

Question 17

Artificial selection

Answer 17

Selective breeding of organisms by humans for specific characteristics

Ex. Fruit: Farmer save seeds for the largest and sweetest fruits to produce larger and sweeter fruit

Question 19

Insect resistance

Answer 19

1) insects are sprayed with only a few surviving
2) the survivors pass the trait of survival to their offspring
3) hen the same pesticide is used more and more insects become immune

Question 20

3 domains

Answer 20

Archaea- unicellular, no nuclei, harsh environment, reproduce by dividing in half
Bacteria- unicellular, no nuclei, cell wall, common, reproduce by dividing and half
Eukarya-uni/multicellular, reproduce sexually and asexually, cells contain nuclei

Question 21

4 kingdoms

Answer 21

Fungi-live on land mostly, absorb their food through their body surface, have cell walls
Protista- live in water mostly, most are unicellular some multi
Plantae- multicellular, have cell walls, make food by photosynthesis
Animalia- multicellular, no cell wall, ingest food, live on land and water

Question 22

Archaea

Answer 22

Differ from bacteria in genetics and cell wall makeup

Question 23

Bacteria

Answer 23

Microscopic unicellular organisms that usually have a cell wall and reproduce by division

Question 24

Fungus

Answer 24

Organism whose cells have nuclei and cell wall that acts like a mini skeleton allowing fungi to stand up straight.
Mushroom
Break down dead organisms by releasing chemicals into the atmosphere
(Athletes foot)

Question 24

Bacteria in the environment

Answer 24

Breaks down the remains in waste of other organisms returning the nutrients to the soil

Certain bacteria can convert nitrogen from the air into a form that plants can use which is important because nitrogen is the main component of proteins and genetic material

Ecoli helps break down food in human bodies to help digest

Question 25

Protists

Answer 25

Unicellular and multicellular organisms including amoebas, animal-like and diatoms, which Float on the oceans surface, others are plantlike, such as Kelp and some fungi
ALGAE- most important. Make their own food using light from the sun, on initial source of food and most ocean and freshwater ecosystems

Question 25

Plasmodium

Answer 25

Protist that causes malaria

Question 27

Gymnosperms

Answer 27

Woody plants that produce seeds not in fruits (cones)

Most of our paper

Question 28

Nonvascular plant

Answer 28

No vascular tissue (moss)

Question 29

Angiosperms

Answer 29

Flowering plants that produce seeds in plants

Most of the food we eat

Question 30

Animals

Answer 30

No cell walls (more mobile)

Cannot make their own food

Question 31

Invertebrates

Answer 31

No backbones (oceans)

Question 32

Vertebrates

Answer 32

Animals with backbone (reptiles/land)