Chapter 4

Question 1

What senses can trigger a set of responses that prepare the digestive tract to receive food?

Answer 1

Sight, smell, thought, taste, and sound

Question 2

As we are preparing to eat we secrete a hormone called

Answer 2

Gastrin

Question 3

Which hormone stimulates the activity of cells inside your stomach, allows to produce digestive enzymes, and speeds up our metabolism.

Answer 3

Gastrin

Question 4

What causes the gurgling in our stomach?

Answer 4

Muscle contractions and gas.

Question 5

Functions of the Gastrointestinal Tract

Answer 5

1. Ingestion
2. Transport
3. Secretions
4. Absorption
5. Elimination

Question 6

Ingestion

Answer 6

Taking food in

Question 7

Transport

Answer 7

Nutrients throughout the body, packaged fat.

Question 8

Secretion

Answer 8

hydrochloric acid and enzymes

Question 9

Absorption

Answer 9

Important role in digestive tract.

Getting nutrients from food into your body.

Question 10

Movement

Answer 10

Muscle contractions

Question 11

Elimination

Answer 11

Wastes; anything that is going to be removed from the body.

Question 12

Two Components of physical movements of digestion

Answer 12

1. Peristalsis

2. Segmentation

Question 13

Peristalsis

Answer 13

moving food in one direction. (tube of toothpaste.)

Question 14

Segmentation

Answer 14

Contraction of circular muscles. Breaking larger foods into smaller and smaller foods in order to digest.

Question 15

Components of the chemical breakdown of digestion

Answer 15

Enzymes
Other secretions (Acid, Base, Bile, Mucus)

Question 16

T/F: You can throw up food that is in your small intestine.

Answer 16

TRUE`

Question 17

Where does bile come from?

Answer 17

Liver. Stored in Gallbladder.

Question 18

Function of Epithelial Cells

Answer 18

protect the stomach from the stomach acid.

Question 19

Passive diffusion

Answer 19

NO energy required
Moves through the cell membrane ALONG normal concentration gradient.
Water and Fat soluble molecule.

Question 20

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 20

NO energy required
Moves through protein channels ALONG a normal concentration gradient
Changes shape

Question 21

Active transport

Answer 21

YES requires energy (ATP)

Goes AGAINST its normal concentration gradient.

Question 22

Co-Transport

Answer 22

NO energy required.
Allows glucose to go AGAINST its normal concentration gradient
Binds to a another molecule.

Question 23

3 Salivary Glands

Answer 23

1. Parotid (largest)
2. Sub-lingual (under tongue)
3. Sub- mandibular.

Question 24

Function of Salivary Glands

Answer 24

Moisten food

Supply enzymes

Question 25

Function of Liver

Answer 25

Produces bile

“Chemical factory”

Question 26

Function of the Gallbladder

Answer 26

Stores and Secretes bile

Question 27

Function of the Pancreas

Answer 27

Secretes bicarbonate

Secretes digestive enzymes that digest carbs + proteins

Question 28

Bicarbonate

Answer 28

neutralize hydrochloric acid in stomach

Question 29

Amylase

Answer 29

begins the breakdown of starch.

Question 30

Lingual Lipase

Answer 30

comes from salivary glands – break down fats.

Question 31

Function of the Mouth

Answer 31

Enzymes

• Salivary amylase acts on starch
• Lingual lipase acts on fat

Saliva
Moistens food for swallowing

Question 32

Functions of the Esophagus

Answer 32

Transports food to stomach

Upper and lower Esophageal sphincters

Question 33

Function of the Stomach

Answer 33

Digestion: breaking down into smaller and smaller pieces.

Question 34

Hydrochloric acid

Answer 34

begins the molecular breakdown of food; activates enzymes

Question 35

Pepsin

Answer 35

begins protein digestion

Question 36

What is needed for absorption of vitamin B12?

Answer 36

Intrinsic Factor

Question 37

Sections of the Small intestine

Answer 37

Duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

Question 38

Duodenum

Answer 38

Majority of digestion occurs here

Question 39

jejunum and ileum

Answer 39

Absorbs digested nutrients