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Motivation and Emotion > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Addictive behaviors

A

compulsive and provide short term pleasure at the expense of more severe and long term negative consequences

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2
Q

Characteristics of drug and behavior addiction or dependence

A

Mood modification. Salience. Tolerance. Compulsive use. Relapse

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3
Q

Mood modification

A

Drug or activity alters a person’s subjective experience. It increases pleasure (euphoria) or relieves negative feelings (dysphoria)

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4
Q

Salience

A

Drug or activity is most important in persons life. It is felt as craving and dominates a persons thinkings, feelings, and behavior

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5
Q

Tolerance

A

Individual requires increasing amounts of the drug or behavior in order to achieve the same mood modifications effects as earlier

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6
Q

Withdrawal

A

Abstaining from the drug or behavior produces unpleasant feelings of unpleasant physical symptoms

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7
Q

Compulsive use

A

The person continues drug use or activity despite knowledge of negative consequences on family, job, social life, health, finances, and lawful behavior.

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8
Q

Relapse

A

After abstince from drug use or activities, the person can easily return to ealier patterns of drug use or addictive behaviors.

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9
Q

Phychoactive drugs

A

chemicAL SUBSTANCE THAT ALTERS A PERSONS MOOD AND BEHAVIOR AS A RESULT OF THE DRUGS EFFECT on the function of the brain.

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10
Q

Caffeine

A

Most widely consumed psychoactyive substance in the world

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11
Q

Alcohol

A

Ethanol

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12
Q

Psychotherapeutics

A

Drugs are obtained by prescription for legitimate medical relief

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13
Q

Cocaine

A

Coca paste

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14
Q

Craving

A

which is the overpowering uncontrollable urge for the drug the person is using.

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15
Q

Koob and Le Moal 2008

A

craving as a memory of the rewarding effects of a drug superimposed on a negative emotional state.

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16
Q

Behavioral genetics

A

based on the assumption that drugs have their effects on structures in the brain

17
Q

Impulsiveness

A

personality trait associate with psychoactive drug. Heightened sensitivity too rewards and lack of foresight and planning

18
Q

Phermones

A

a chemical substance produced and released into the environment by an animal, especially a mammal or an insect, affecting the behavior or physiology of others of its species.

19
Q

CCR

A

Evoke conditioned responses that are the opposite of drug-unconditioned responses.

20
Q

UCR

A

Morphine sensitivity to pain

21
Q

CR

A

Conditioned response opposite of UCR

22
Q

CS

A

Place associated with drug

23
Q

Liability

A

likelihood of becoming an alcoholic

24
Q

Opponent process theory

A

Intial pleasureable reaction to a drug is held in check by an opponent process or drug-opposite effect characterized by dysphoria and withdrawal

25
Q

Incentive sensitization theory

A

emphasizes that individuals are motivated by a drugs incentive value not by its hedonic value

26
Q

Antagonists

A

Substances capable of blocking the pleasurable effects of a psychoactive drug.

27
Q

Priming

A

the development of cravings whether by being exposed to the drug itself or to stimuli associated with the drug

28
Q

What drugs are university students more likely to use?

A

Alcohol and cigs

29
Q

What substances or behaviors are hereditable

A

All drugs and gambling and caffeine

30
Q

Sensation seekers

A

a trait that is associated with seeking varied, intense, and novel sensations and the willingness to take various risks to experience those sensations

31
Q

Disinhibition

A

reduced social restraint, which is associated with the tendency to party, gamble, and engage in sexual activities

32
Q

Two components of impulsiveness

A

Heightened sensitivity to rewards and lack of foresight and planning

33
Q

Where do the action of psychoactive drugs occur at

A

synapse

34
Q

Mesolimbic dopamine system

A

reward system

35
Q

2 characteristics of mesolimbic dopamine system

A

composed of neurons deep in the brain that connect different sites like nucleus acumbens and ventral tegmntal area. Interact with several suspected neurotransmitters durinmg stimulation of neurons in critical regions of the mesolimbic dopamine systems

36
Q

How do cocain and amphetamine work in brain

A

blocking the reuptake of dopamine back into neurons located in the nucleus accumbens.

37
Q

Classical conditioning

A

conditioned response and the unconditioned response are usually the same.

38
Q

2 hormones released when stressed

A

Adrenaline (epinephrine) and cortisol

39
Q

Motivation for change

A

Interplay between cognition and addiction

Motivation and Emotion (3 decks)

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