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Motivation and Emotion > Chapter 1 & 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 & 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Motivation

A

Concerns those processes that five behavior its energy and direction.

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2
Q

Motive

A

Persons internal dispostion to approach positive incentive and negative incentive.

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3
Q

Incentive

A

Anticipated reward or adverse events in the environment. (External)

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4
Q

Push-Pull Metaphor

A

Motivated behavior results from a person being pushed and pulled toward some end state.

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5
Q

Emotion

A

a universal functional reaction to an external stimulus event, temporarily integrating physiological, cognitive phenomena, logical, and behavioral channels that facilitate fitness enhancing environment. (Shaping responses to the current situation.

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6
Q

Consummatory behavior

A

You are indulging in the goal.

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7
Q

Cognitive Motivation

A

(Pull method) Works by visualizing an end-state as a goal and executing a plan or following a script in order to achieve that goal.

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8
Q

Anticipatory behavior

A

(Pull Method) imaginary response. (visualizing eating or drinking)

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9
Q

Affective forecasting

A

(Pull Method) Anticipation how we will feel, or effect.

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10
Q

Choice

A

The selection of the motive or incentive at anytime.

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11
Q

Instrumental behaviors

A

Those motivated activities in which a person engages to satisfy a motive.

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12
Q

Auxillary Assumptions about motivation.

A

Behavior may not occur if assumptions are not met.

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13
Q

Energy for motivation

A

to be moved to behavior or think assumes energy.

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14
Q

Cathexis

A

Accumulation of energy within the brain’s neurons as hypothesized by Freud.

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15
Q

Adaption energy

A

Hans Selye - assumed the body possessed a certain amount of adaptation energy that can be used to overcome stress.

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16
Q

Self regulation/Self control

A

Refers to the ability to control the effects that a person’s emotions and impulses have on her or his behavior.

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17
Q

Processing resources

A

Capacities that allow the mind to carry out operations that are necessary for the motivation of behavior.

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18
Q

Physical Energy

A

Glucose- powers the brain and muscles.

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19
Q

Competence

A

Being capable of performing the behavior necessary to achieve a desired effect.

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20
Q

Internal Sources

A

A persons biological states and psychological dispositions determine what will be motivating.

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21
Q

Biological variable

A

material characteristics of the body and brain that serve to motivate behavior.

22
Q

Ghrelin

A

Hormone that is released in the stomach and promotes hunger and eating.

23
Q

Psychological variables-

A

Motives - are studied indirectly through measurable indicators.

24
Q

Reductionism

A

The minds mental processes can be reduced to the activity of nuerons in the brain.

25
Q

Emergence

A

Brains neuronal activity issues for the mental processes-that is the mind in an emergent property of the brain.

26
Q

Environmental variables

A

Refer to those characteristics of incentives and goals that have the ability to attract or repel.

27
Q

Evolutionary History

A

The effects of millions of years of natural selection in shaping motives and emotions that aided survivval of the individual and the species.

28
Q

Evolutionary psychology

A

Attempts to understand currect human behavior by relating it to our evolutionary past.

29
Q

Personal History

A

An individuals experience from conception to present.

30
Q

Individual differences

A

The study of motivation involves the search for general laws of behavior that apply to all humans.

31
Q

Internal State

A

An individuals feelings (hunger-sleep)

32
Q

Emotions

A

Distinct feelings that motivate behaviors (Move Out) Fear anxiety

33
Q

Experimental variable

A

Is the one manipulated by the experimenter to create different levels or values.

34
Q

Correlation variable

A

Contains levels that are measured but not created by the experimenter

35
Q

Dependent variable

A

refers to behavior that depends on the experimental variable.

36
Q

Aristotle

A

Theory of 4 causes. Efficent. Final, Formal, and material.

37
Q

Hedonism

A

Pursuit of pleasure and avoidance

38
Q

Socrates

A

Pleasure exceeds pain.

39
Q

Democritis

A

Stive for pleasure. Avoid pain.

40
Q

Epicurus

A

Wait for greater pleasures.

41
Q

Thomas Hobbes

A

Incentive motivation

42
Q

John Locke

A

Greater good

43
Q

Jeremy Bentham

A

Servants of pain and pleasure

44
Q

Principle of utility

A

Idea that our actions are determined by whether they decrease or increase our happiness.

45
Q

Freud

A

Pleasure principle. Reality principle.

46
Q

Edward Lee Thorndike

A

Pain and pleasure motivate behavior when those feelings reach our awareness.

47
Q

Herbert Spencer

A

Strive to bring feelings of pleasure into conciousness while also trying to drive out feelings of pain

48
Q

Law of effect

A

Cat escaped because of satisfaction that resulted from escaping, whereas remaining in the box was associated with less satisfaction

49
Q

John Watson

A

Introduced Behaviorism

50
Q

WoodWorth

A

Dynamic psychology. = Drive

51
Q

Tolman and Honzik

A

Cognnitive map and lantent learning

Motivation and Emotion (3 decks)

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