Chapter 4

Question 1

Proteobacteria

Answer 1

contains the largest and most diverse group of species, including E. coli & many human pathogens

Question 2

Firmicutes

Answer 2

Consists of many gram positive species: Bacillus, Clostridium, Staphylococcus, & Streptococcus

Question 3

Actinobacteria

Answer 3

Includes Streptomyces

Genus that produces the antibiotic streptomycin

Question 4

Cyanbacteria

Answer 4

Carry out photosynthesis using chlorophyll

Responsible for O2 in Earth’s early atmosphere

Question 5

Chlamydiae

Answer 5

Very small, most pathogenic bacteria

Question 6

Spirochaetes

Answer 6

lives in the mouth and some are STDs that cause syphilis

Question 7

Euryarchaeota Group contain:

Answer 7

1. Methanogens (live in anoxic environment)
2. Halophiles (salt lovers)
3. Thermoacidophiles (grow at high temps. with low acid pH)

Question 8

Crenarchaeota

Answer 8

grow in hot, acidic environments

hot springs & volcanic vents

Question 9

Cell shape of Prokaryotes

Answer 9

Rods- Bacillus
Sphere- Coccus
Spirals- spirochete, vibrio, spirillum

Question 10

Cell arrangement for bacillus

Answer 10

single rod
diplobacillus ( two rods)
Streptobacillus (chain of rods)

Question 11

Cell arrangement for coccus

Answer 11

Single coccus
diplococcus (two coccus)
Tretrad (four coccus)
Staphylococcus (cluster)
Streptococcus (chain)
Scina (8)

Question 12

What are pili

Answer 12

Protein fibers extending from the surface of many bacteria that are used for attachment

• adhere to cell surfaces
• help form biofilms

Question 13

Conjugation pili

Answer 13

used to transfer DNA genetic material between cells

Question 14

Flagella

Answer 14

used for cell motility

Question 15

Helical filament

Answer 15

Prokaryotic flagella which has a hook and basal body

Question 16

Cell movement

Answer 16

runs- counter clock wise movement towards food, in a straight line

tumbles- clock wise movement to linger around, stay in place

Question 17

Chemotaxis

Answer 17

bacteria movement in response to chemicals, food, antibiotics, away from WBC

Question 18

Phototaxis

Answer 18

movement in response to light

Question 19

Magnetotaxis

Answer 19

movement towards north magnetic fields

Question 20

Endoflagella

Answer 20

Spirochetes which move the cell through torsion exerted on the cell by endoflagellar rotation

Question 21

Glycocalyx

Answer 21

adhering layer of polysaccharide:

1. Protects cell from environment
2. helps them to stick
3. Keeps h2o in
4. avoids WBC

Question 22

Thick peptidoglycan cell walls

Answer 22

gram positive bacteria

Question 23

Thin peptidoglycan cell walls

Answer 23

gram negative bacteria