Chapter 3

Question 1

Prokaryote

Answer 1

microorganisms composed of single cells having a single chromosome but no cell nucleus or nuclear membrane envelope

Question 2

Eukaryote

Answer 2

cell contains a membrane bound nucleus and organelles

Question 3

Homeostasis

Answer 3

maintains internal stable environment

Question 4

Biofilms

Answer 4

a group of species living in a communal association and representing a multicellular state

Question 5

Quorum sensing

Answer 5

chemical communication and corporation between cells

Question 6

Taxonomy

Answer 6

the science of classification of related organisms

Question 7

Nomenclature

Answer 7

gives scientific names to organisms

-each name contains two words: Genus, Specific epithet

Question 8

Bioremediation

Answer 8

use of microorganisms to clean the environment

Question 9

Biosphere

Answer 9

where life occurs, soil, air, ect.

Question 10

Cellular respiration

Answer 10

all cells convert chemical energy into cellular energy for cellular work

Question 11

Aerobic

Answer 11

with oxygen

Question 12

anaerobic

Answer 12

without oxygen

Question 13

Photosynthesis

Answer 13

involves conversion of light energy into chemical energy (uses chloroplasts)

Question 14

Antisera

Answer 14

solution of collected antibodies

Question 15

What are the similarities between prokaryotes & eukaryotes

Answer 15

1. DNA -organized in chromosomes
2. Biochemical reactions -ATP, metabolism
3. Response to stimuli- light/food/magnetic fields
4. Adapts to stress- DNA mutations
5. Interacts with environment

Question 16

What is a light microscope?

Answer 16

Visible light passes through multiple lenses and through specimen

Question 17

What is a florescence microscope?

Answer 17

Specimens are coated with fluorescent dye & illuminated with ultraviolet light

Question 18

What is an Electron Microscope?

Answer 18

Provides detailed images of cells, cell parts, and viruses

Question 19

What is a transmission electron microscope?

Answer 19

Visualizes structures in ultrathin sections. Cut into slice pieces

Question 20

What is a scanning electron microscope?

Answer 20

Used to visualize surfaces of unsectioned objects

Question 21

What is a simple stain?

Answer 21

prepare specimen with simple dye. Background remains clear, specimen becomes colored.

Question 22

What is a negative stain?

Answer 22

uses acidic dye, which is repelled by cell walls, leaving clear cells on a dark background

Question 23

What is a gram stain?

Answer 23

cells are stained with crystal violet and Gram’s iodine solution and washed with decolorized. Safranin is applied as counter stain.

Question 24

What color are gram positive stains?

Answer 24

purple

Question 25

What color are gram negative stains?

Answer 25

orange/pink

Question 26

What is an acid fast stain?

Answer 26

used for mycobacteria and stained with carbol-fuchsin

Question 27

What are the common properties for all living organisms?

Answer 27

1. homeostasis

2. Biofilms

Question 28

Taxonomic classification order

Answer 28

1. Domain
2. Kingdom
3. Phylum
4. Class
5. Order
6. Family
7. Genus
8. Species

Question 29

Robert Whittaker’s Five Kingdom system

Answer 29

1. Plantae
2. Animalia
3. Protista
4. Fungi
5. Bacteria

Question 30

Carl Woese’s Three domain system

Answer 30

1. Bacteria
2. Eukarya
3. Archeae