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Biopsych > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

0
Q

Intravenous Injection

A

Injection directly into vein

Most rapid
Hard to counteract

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1
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

Process molecules of drugs are absorbed, distributed in body, metabolized and excreted

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2
Q

Intraperitoneal Injection

A

Injection into peritoneal cavity
Space surrounds stomach, intestines liver etc

Most common for lab rats

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3
Q

Intramuscular injection

A

Injection into a muscle

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4
Q

Subcutaneous Injection

A

Injection into space beneath skin

If small amounts need to be watched

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5
Q

Oral administration

A

Substance into the mouth to swallow

Most common for humans

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6
Q

Sublingual Administration

A

Substance beneath the tongue

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7
Q

Intrarectal Administration

A

Substance into rectum

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8
Q

Inhalation

A

Vaporous substance into lungs

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9
Q

Topical Administration

A

Substance directly into skin or mucous membrane

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10
Q

Intracerebral injection

A

Substance directly into brain

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11
Q

Intracerebroventricular administration

A

Substance into one of the cerebral ventricles

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12
Q

Inactivation of a drug

A

Deactivated by enzymes
Primarily excreted by kidneys
Deactivating enzymes mostly in liver
Brain contains some enzymes

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13
Q

Therapeutic Index

A

Ratio between dose producing desired effect in 50 percent of animals and produced toxic effect in 50% of animals

ED50 vs LD50

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14
Q

Tolerance

A

Decrease in effectiveness of a drug administered repeatedly

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15
Q

Sensitization

A

Increase in effectiveness of drug administered repeatedly

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16
Q

General effects of neurotransmitters on postsynaptic membranes

A

Inhibitory, hyperpolarization (IPSP)

Excitatory, depolarization (EPSP)

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17
Q

Glutamate

A

Excitatory neurotransmitter

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18
Q

GABA

A

Inhibitory neurotransmitter

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19
Q

Dorsolateral Pons

A

Contain acetylcholinergic neurons playing a role in REM sleep

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20
Q

Basal Forebrain

A

Contains acetylcholinergic neurons involved in activating cerebral cortex and facilitating learning, especially perceptual learning

21
Q

Medial Septum

A

Contains acetylcholinergic neurons controlling electrical rhythms of hippocampus and modulates its functions, like particular kind of memories

22
Q

Acetyl-CoA. Acetylcholine coenzyme

A

Supplies acetate for the synthesis of acetylcholine

23
Q

Choline acetyltransferase

A

Enzyme that transfers the acetate ion from acetyl coenzyme A to choline to produce neurotransmitter acetylcholine

24
Q

Nicotinic Receptor

A

Ionotropic acetylcholine receptor that is stimulated by nicotine and blocked by curare

25
Q

Muscarinic receptor

A

Metabotropic acetylcholine receptor that is stimulated by muscarine and blocked by atropine. Activates K+ channels with second messenger

26
Q

Botulinum Toxin

A

Acetylcholine antagonist; prevents release by terminal buttons

Bacteria found in improperly canned foods

Botox stops facial muscular contractions

27
Q

Black widow spider venom

A

Poison produced by black widow triggering release of acetylcholine

28
Q

Catecholamine

A

Class of amines that includes neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine

29
Q

Monoamine

A

Class of amines that includes indolamines and catecholamines

30
Q

Tyrosine is a precursor for…

A

Dopamine

Norepinephrine

31
Q

Norepinephrine is created by…

A

Tyrosine turned into L-DOPAMIN by enzyme that is turned into Dopamine by enzyme that is turned into norepinephrine by enzyme

32
Q

Nigostrial system

A

In substantial nigra

Controls movement

33
Q

Mesolimbic system

A

Reinforcement, effects of drugs

34
Q

Mesocortical system

A

Short term memories, planning, problem solving

35
Q

Parkinson’s

A

Tremors, rigidity of limbs, problem initiating movements

Caused by degeneration of nigrat rial system

36
Q

Two main types of metabotropic dopamine receptors

A

D1

D2

37
Q

D1 receptors

A

Exclusively postsynaptic

38
Q

D2 receptors

A

Both pre and postsynaptically in brain

39
Q

AMPT

A

Dopamine antagonist

40
Q

Reserpine

A

Dopamine antagonist

41
Q

Methylphenidate

A

Drug inhibits reuptake of dopamine

42
Q

Monoamine oxidase

A

Class of enzymes that destroy monamines: serotonin norepinephrine and dopamine

43
Q

Deprenyl

A

Drug blocks activity of Monoamine oxidase. Acts as dopamine agonist

44
Q

Chlorpromazine

A

Dopamine involved in schizophrenia:

This drug blocks dopamine

45
Q

Fusaric acid

A

Drug blocking the enzyme that turns dopamine into norepinephrine

46
Q

How’s serotonin made?

A

Enzyme turns Tryptophan into 5-hydroxytryptophan which is then turned into serotonin by an enzyme

47
Q

PCPA

A

Inhibits serotonin synthesis

Serotonin antagonist

48
Q

LSD

A

Drug stimulates serotonin receptors

Serotonin agonist

49
Q

NMDA receptor

A

Ionotropic glutamate receptor controlling calcium channels

50
Q

AMPA receptor

A

Controls sodium ion channels

51
Q

Kainate receptor

A

Controls sodium channel

Biopsych (7 decks)

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