Chapter 2

Question 0

Electrostatic Pressure

Answer 0

Opposite signs are attracted and same signs are pushed away from each other

Question 1

Role of Inhibition

Answer 1

Inhibitory signals from brain prevent withdrawal reflex so don’t drop something important

Question 2

Cation

Answer 2

Positively charged ion

Question 3

Anion

Answer 3

Negatively charged ion

Question 4

Sodium-potassium Transporters

Answer 4

Protein found in membrane of all cells that extrudes sodium ions from and transports potassium ions into cell. 2 K+ in and 3 Na+ out

Question 5

Diffusion

Answer 5

Movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration areas

Question 6

EPSP’s

Answer 6

Excitatory synapses produce them and after em threshold of excitation is reached action potentiometer fired

Question 7

IPSP’s

Answer 7

Inhibitory synapses produce them which counteracts EPSP’s

Question 8

Movement of ions during action potential

Answer 8

1. Na+ channels open and Na+ begins entering
2. K+ channels open and K+ begins leaving cell
3. Na+ channels become refractory
4. K+ continues leaving cell, causes membrane potential to return to resting potential
5. K+ channels close and Na+ channels reset
6. Extra K+ outside diffuses away

Question 9

All-or-none Law

Answer 9

Once an action potential is triggered in axon, it is propagated, without decrement, to end of fiber

Question 10

Rate Law

Answer 10

Intensity of a stimulus or other info being transmitted is determined by the rate at which the axon fired

Question 11

Saltatory Conduction

Answer 11

In myelinated axons the action potentiometer jumps from one node of Ranvier to the next

Question 12

Axodendritic Synapse

Answer 12

Synapse taking place on the smooth part of a dendrite or on a dendritic spine

Question 13

Axosomatic Synapse

Answer 13

Synapse taking place on somatic membrane

Question 14

Axon conic Synapse

Answer 14

Synapse consists of two terminal buttons connecting

Question 15

Presynaptic membrane

Answer 15

Membrane of terminal button lies adjacent postsynaptic membrane where neurotransmitters are released

Question 16

Postsynaptic membrane

Answer 16

Cell membrane adjacent terminal button that receives neurotransmitters

Question 17

Synaptic Cleft

Answer 17

Space between presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes

Question 18

Ionotropic Receptors

Answer 18

Ion channels open when a molecule of neurotransmitter attached to binding site.

Question 19

Metabotropic Receptor

Answer 19

Has a binding site for a neurotransmitter that when activated begins a series of events opening an ion channel elsewhere in membrane of cell

Question 20

G protein

Answer 20

Protein coupled to a metabotropic receptor, conveys messages to other molecules when ligand binds with and activates receptors

Question 21

Second Messenger

Answer 21

In metabotropic receptors it is the chemical produced when G protein activates anymore and then carries signal to open ion channels or other events

Question 22

Depolarizing

Answer 22

Excitatory

Question 23

Hyperpolarizing

Answer 23

Inhibitory

Question 24

Inflow of chloride (Cl-) causes?

Answer 24

IPSP, hyperpolarization, inhibitory

Question 25

Inflow of sodium (Na+) causes?

Answer 25

EPSP, depolarization, excitatory

Question 26

Types of termination of post synaptic potentials:

Answer 26

Reuptake, enzymatic deactivation, diffusion

Question 27

Reuptake

Answer 27

Reentry of a neurotransmitter just liberated by a terminal button back through its membrane

Question 28

Enzymatic Deactivation

Answer 28

Destruction of neurotransmitter by enzyme after its release

Question 29

Autoreceptor

Answer 29

Receptor molecule located on neuron that responds to neurotransmitter released by the same neuron

Question 30

Acetylcholine

Answer 30

found in CNS and parts of PNS

Makes muscular contractions

Question 31

Acetylcholinesterase

Answer 31

Enzyme that destroys acetylcholine soon after liberated by buttons. Terminates postsynaptic potential