Chapter 4 Flashcards
Imperium
The right held by a Roman king to enforce commands by fines, arrests, and corporal and capital punishment.
Estruscans
Exerted most external influence on Romans. Originally ruled the region from North Italy to Rome. Ousted by Patricians.
Patrician
Upper class of Roman families that originally monopolized all political authority. Only they could serve as priests, senators, and magistrates.
Plebian
Commoner class of Roman families, usually families of small farmers, laborers, and artisans who were early clients of the patricians.
509 BC
Estruscan Kings removed, and Roman Republic founded.
Consuls
Elected magistrates from patrician families chosen annually to lead the army, oversee, the state religions, and sit as judges.
Senate
Single deliberatibe body in the Roman state. Had great influence and power consisted of prominent patricians, leaders of clans and patrons. Control over foreign policy and state’s finances.
Struggle of the Orders
The plebeian attempt to achieve political, legal, and social equality. Spanned two centuries.
Tribunes
Officials elected by the plebeian tribal assembly given the power to protect plebeians from abuse by patrician magistrates.
Laws of the Twelve Tables
Early Roman customs in all its harshness and simplicity codified into law.
Gallic Invasion
Tribes of Gaul defeated Roman army and burned Rome. Beginning of fourth century BC
Latins, Samnites, Greeks
Latins lost war for independence, Samnites lived in the mountains of the south appenines and were overcome by the Romans, and Greeks overtaken. Rome ruled all of Italy
Pyrrhus
King of Epirus (Greek City)
1st Punic War
War in Sicily, Carthage signed a treaty giving up Sicily and the islands between Italy and Sicily.
2nd Punic War
Hannibal attacked Rome from the North. Scipio attacked Carthage.
Hannibal
Leader of Carthage’s army. Extended the Punic Empire in Spain.
Battle of Zama
Last battle of the Punic War. Hannibal lost to Roman Scipio
3rd Punic War
Rome razed Carthage
Humanitas
Wide ranging intellectual curiosity and habits of critical thinking that are the goals of liberal education.
Latifundia
Greek estate that produced capital intensive cash crops for the international market.
Spartacus
Led a rebellion of slave gladiators
Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus
Two brothers, as tribunes, they tried to resolve Rome’s economic problems in the second century BC but were opposed by the Senate.
Marius and Sulla
Marius was in the Consul and took the credit for Sulla’s victory during the Jugurthine War, Sulla improved the quality of the courts and the legal system.
Pompey
A member of the first Triumvirate, he subdues Palestine for the Romans, commander of the Roman Army.
