Chapter 4

Question 0

Imperium

Answer 0

The right held by a Roman king to enforce commands by fines, arrests, and corporal and capital punishment.

Question 1

Estruscans

Answer 1

Exerted most external influence on Romans. Originally ruled the region from North Italy to Rome. Ousted by Patricians.

Question 2

Patrician

Answer 2

Upper class of Roman families that originally monopolized all political authority. Only they could serve as priests, senators, and magistrates.

Question 3

Plebian

Answer 3

Commoner class of Roman families, usually families of small farmers, laborers, and artisans who were early clients of the patricians.

Question 4

509 BC

Answer 4

Estruscan Kings removed, and Roman Republic founded.

Question 5

Consuls

Answer 5

Elected magistrates from patrician families chosen annually to lead the army, oversee, the state religions, and sit as judges.

Question 6

Senate

Answer 6

Single deliberatibe body in the Roman state. Had great influence and power consisted of prominent patricians, leaders of clans and patrons. Control over foreign policy and state’s finances.

Question 7

Struggle of the Orders

Answer 7

The plebeian attempt to achieve political, legal, and social equality. Spanned two centuries.

Question 8

Tribunes

Answer 8

Officials elected by the plebeian tribal assembly given the power to protect plebeians from abuse by patrician magistrates.

Question 9

Laws of the Twelve Tables

Answer 9

Early Roman customs in all its harshness and simplicity codified into law.

Question 10

Gallic Invasion

Answer 10

Tribes of Gaul defeated Roman army and burned Rome. Beginning of fourth century BC

Question 11

Latins, Samnites, Greeks

Answer 11

Latins lost war for independence, Samnites lived in the mountains of the south appenines and were overcome by the Romans, and Greeks overtaken. Rome ruled all of Italy

Question 12

Pyrrhus

Answer 12

King of Epirus (Greek City)

Question 13

1st Punic War

Answer 13

War in Sicily, Carthage signed a treaty giving up Sicily and the islands between Italy and Sicily.

Question 14

2nd Punic War

Answer 14

Hannibal attacked Rome from the North. Scipio attacked Carthage.

Question 15

Hannibal

Answer 15

Leader of Carthage’s army. Extended the Punic Empire in Spain.

Question 16

Battle of Zama

Answer 16

Last battle of the Punic War. Hannibal lost to Roman Scipio

Question 17

3rd Punic War

Answer 17

Rome razed Carthage

Question 18

Humanitas

Answer 18

Wide ranging intellectual curiosity and habits of critical thinking that are the goals of liberal education.

Question 19

Latifundia

Answer 19

Greek estate that produced capital intensive cash crops for the international market.

Question 20

Spartacus

Answer 20

Led a rebellion of slave gladiators

Question 21

Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus

Answer 21

Two brothers, as tribunes, they tried to resolve Rome’s economic problems in the second century BC but were opposed by the Senate.

Question 22

Marius and Sulla

Answer 22

Marius was in the Consul and took the credit for Sulla’s victory during the Jugurthine War, Sulla improved the quality of the courts and the legal system.

Question 23

Pompey

Answer 23

A member of the first Triumvirate, he subdues Palestine for the Romans, commander of the Roman Army.

Question 24

Crassus

Answer 24

Rich and ambitious senator, received powers that gave him command of almost all of Italy. Repealed Sulla’s constitution. Rules with Pompey.

Question 25

Caesar

Answer 25

Ambitious young politician whose daring rhetorical skill made him a valuable ally in winning the discontented of every class to the cause of the populares. Started to rule with Crassus and Pompey.

Question 26

First Triumvirate

Answer 26

Pompey, Crassus, Caesar

A political arrangement that enabled them, by working together, to dominate the Republic.

Question 27

Cicero

Answer 27

Chief opposition of Crassus’s candidates for the consulship.
He wanted to unite the stale elements of the state (The Senate and the Equestrians) in a harmony of orders.
Defeated Catiline’s plot to stir up confusion and trouble in Italy.

Question 28

Crossing the Rubicon

Answer 28

Civil war begins as Caesar defies the Senate and crosses the Rubicon on January 7, 49 BC.
He heads his legions in to Rome, is appointed dictator, and then pursues Pompey to Pharsalus.

Question 29

15 of March 44 BC (The Ides of March)

Answer 29

Gaius Cassius Longinus and Marcus Junius Brutus, along with other senators, murder Julius Caesar.

Question 30

Second Triumvirate

Answer 30

Antony, Octavian, Lepidus
Took control of Rome and appoint triumvirs to put the republic in order.
Legally empowered to rule dictatorially.
Defeated Brutus and Cassius.

Question 31

Cleopatra

Answer 31

Queen of Egypt

Question 32

Battle of Actium

Answer 32

Battle in western Greece.
Agrippa, Octavians best General, defeated enemy at sea winning a naval battle.
Octavian pursued Antony and Cleopatra to Alexandria, but both committed suicide