Chapter 4 Flashcards
What is subsistence farming?
Producing just enough to meet immediate needs
What was the main economic activity in all colonies?
Farming
What is commercial agriculture?
When large amounts of crops are produced to make a profit
Why did New England farmers practice subsistence farming?
Farms in NE were smaller than those in the south
What were the two main industries of the New England colonies?
Shipbuilding and fishing
What is the triangular trade?
Trade route between three destinations
What were the main items traded in the Triangular Trade?
Sugar, molasses, and slaves
What was the name of the slave transporting leg of the Triangular Trade?
Middle passage
Where was the hub of the shipping trade in America?
New England
What is a cash crop?
Crops that could be sold in markets
What were the two main cash crops of the Middle Colonies?
Wheat and oats
Which colonial region was known for its diverse population of German and Scotch-Irish citizens?
Middle Colonies
What was the main cash crop in Virginia and Maryland?
Tobacco
What was the main cash crop in Georgia and South Carolina?
Rice
What did rice and tobacco have in common (why slaves were used to harvest them)?
Very labor intensive so slavery increased
What is supply and demand?
Controls the prices of crops
What is the region of the Southern colonies where the plantations resided?
Tidewater
What were the strict rules governing the behavior and punishment of slaves in the colonies?
Slave Codes
How did England view the colonies economically?
Economic resource
How do you make money on trade?
You must export more than you import
What were the Navigation Acts?
Were passed by England to restrict trade and ensure they make money
What established a limited government in the 13th
century and inspired the US Constitution?
Magna Carta
Who was allowed to vote in the mid 1700’s in the colonies?
White men who owned property
What was the religious revival that swept through the colonies?
The Great Awakening
What was the Enlightenment?
Belief that knowledge, science, and reason could improve society
What was the name of the book Benjamin Franklin wrote after being inspired by the Enlightenment?
Poor Richard’s Almanak
Who was the newspaper publisher that was charged with a crime for accusing the governor of New York of being
corrupt?
John Peter Zenger
Where is the land area that the British and French fought over because of the fur trade?
Ohio River Valley
What was the most powerful group of Native Americans in the East?
Iroquois
Who was sent to tell the French to leave the Ohio River Valley and struck the first blow against the French?
George Washington
What is a militia?
A military force made up of ordinary citizens
What did the Albany Plan of Union want to do?
Join the colonies under one government
What was the name of the political cartoon that encouraged the colonies to approve the Albany Plan of Union?
Join or Die
What was the name of the war between the French and British in Europe?
Seven Years War or French and Indian War
What is the name of the fort that the Cherokee burned down in modern day Tennessee?
Loudoun
Who oversaw the colonial war effort in London and was the cause of the British turnaround?
William Pitt
What was the most important victory for the British in the F&I War?
Battle of Quebec
What did the Treaty of Paris 1763 do?
It ended the French and Indian War
Who was the Ottawa chief who believed the British were threatening their way of life?
Pontiac
What did the Proclamation of 1763 do?
Halted western expansion by the settlers west of the Appalachian Mountains to appease the Native Americans
