Chapter 4 Flashcards
Where did the science of organic chemistry originate?
In attempts to purify and improve the yield of products
Molecules that are mirror images of each other
Ennantiomers
Jons Jakob Berzelius
Who made the distinction between organic compounds and inorganic compounds?
Hydrocarbons are major components of what, which is a fossil fuel?
Petroleum
Mechanism
Vitalism shifted to ______, the view that all natural phenomena are governed by physical and chemical laws
Functional groups
Components of organic molecules most commonly involved in chemical reactions
When Wohler experimented with ammonium ions and cyanate ions, what did he make instead of expected?
Urea, organic compound found in urine of animals
Primary energy-transferring molecule in the cell
Adenosine triphosphate
Organic molecules consisting only of carbon and hydrogen
Hydrocarbons
Covalent
A carbon atom usually completes its valence shell by sharing its 4 electrons by use of _____ bonds
Geometric isomers
Have the same covalent partnerships but differ in spatial arrangements; differ in arrangement about a double bond (cis: x’s on same side trans: x’s on opposite sides)
He said he could make it without taking it from kidney of animal or human but the cyantae was from animal blood
Why was Wohler’s results turned down as being untrue
Why was Wohler’s results turned down as being untrue
He said he could make it without taking it from kidney of animal or human but the cyantae was from animal blood
When two carbon atoms are joined by a double bond, all bonds around those carbons are .
in the same plane
Neither petroleum or fat ___ in water, both are hydro____.
Dissolve—phobic
C, H, O, N, S ,P
Major elements of life
Kolbe, student of Wohler, later made it by the formation of what
Acetic acid
The new discipline of organic chemistry was built on the foundation of ______, the belief in a life force outside the jurisdiction of physical and chemicals laws
Vitalism
The molecular components attatched to that skeleton
Distinctive properties of an organic molecule depend not only on the arrangement of its carbon skeleton but also..
Differ in covalent arrangements of their atoms
Structural isomers
What are the properties of the functional groups most important to chemistry?
Hydrophilic, increase solubility of organic compounds in water
Dissolve—phobic
Neither petroleum or fat ___ in water, both are hydro____.
Organic molecules
Although hydrocarbons are not prevalent in living organisms, many of cell’s _________ have regions of only hydrogen and carbon
Enantiomers are important to what industry because why..
Pharmaceutical - two Enantiomers of a drug may not be equally effective
