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MED TERM ECC > chapter 4 > Flashcards

chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

chromatin

A

structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins

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2
Q

chromosome

A

threadlike structures w/in the nucleus composed of DNA that carries heredity info encoded in genes

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3
Q

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

A

molecule that holds genetic info capable of replicating and producing an exact copy whenever the cell divides

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4
Q

diaphragm

A

muscular wall that divides the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity

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5
Q

metabolism

A

sum of all physical and chemical changes that take place in a cell or an organism

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6
Q

organelle

A

cellular structure that provides a specialized function, such as the nucleus (reproduction)

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7
Q

what are the levels of organization? (5)

A

cell, tissue, organ, system, organism

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8
Q

cell

A

the smallest structural and functional unit of life.

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9
Q

what are the 3 parts of a cell?

A

cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus

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10
Q

cytology

A

the of the body at the cellular level

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11
Q

tissue

A

group of cells that perform a specialized activity

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12
Q

histology

A

the study of tisse

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13
Q

epithelial tissue

A

covers the surface of organs, lines cavities, and canals, forms tubes and ducts, secretion portions of glands

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14
Q

connective tissue

A

supports and connects other tissues and organs

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15
Q

muscle tissue

A

provides the contractile tissue of the body, which is responsible for movement.

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16
Q

nervous tissue

A

transmit electrical impulses as it relays info throughout the entire body

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17
Q

organ

A

are body structures that perform specialized functions. composed of 2 or more tissue type

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18
Q

system

A

body system is composed of varying # of organs and accessory structures that have similar or related functions

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19
Q

organism

A

the highest level of organization is the organism

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20
Q

anatomical position

A

is a body posture used to locate anatomical parts or divisions

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21
Q

plane

A

is an imaginary flat surface that divides the body into two sections

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22
Q

midsagittal (median)

A

right and left halves

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23
Q

coronal (frontal)

A

anterior (ventral) and posterior (dorsal) “front and back”

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24
Q

transverse (horizontal)

A

superior (upper) and inferior (lower) aspects

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25
Q

cranial (dorsal)

A

brain

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26
Q

spinal (dorsal)

A

spinal cord

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27
Q

thoracic (ventral)

A

heart, lungs and associated structures

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28
Q

abdominopelvic

A

digestive, excretory, and reproductive and structures

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29
Q

ABduction

A

movement away from the midsagittal (median) plane of the body or one of its parts

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30
Q

ADduction

A

movement toward the midsagittal (median) plane of the body

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31
Q

medial

A

pertaining to the midline of the body or structure

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32
Q

lateral

A

pertaining to a side

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33
Q

superior (cephalad)

A

toward the head of upper portion of a structure

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34
Q

inferior (caudal)

A

away form the head or toward the tail or lower part of a structure

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35
Q

anterior (ventral)

A

front of the body

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36
Q

posterior (dorsal)

A

back of the body

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37
Q

Parietal

A

pertaining to the outer wall of the body cavity

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38
Q

visceral

A

pertaining.. viscera, or internal organ, especially the abdominal organs

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39
Q

prone

A

face down, lying on abdomen

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40
Q

supine

A

face up, lying on spine

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41
Q

inversion

A

inside out

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42
Q

eversion

A

turning outward

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43
Q

palmar

A

pertaining… palm of the hand

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44
Q

plantar

A

pertaining.. sole of the foot

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45
Q

superficial

A

toward the surface of the body (external)

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46
Q

deep

A

away from the surface of body (internal)

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47
Q

spine

A

vertebral column or backbone

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48
Q

cyto

A

cell, ex CYTOLOGIST: specialist in the study of cells

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49
Q

histo

A

tissue, ex HISTOLOGY: study of tissues

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50
Q

karyo or nucleo

A

nucleus, ex KARYOLYSIS: destruction of the nucleus

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51
Q

caudo

A

tail, ex CUADAD: toward the tail

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52
Q

cephalo

A

head, ex CEPHALAD: toward the head

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53
Q

disto

A

far, farthest

54
Q

dorso

A

back of the body, ex

55
Q

infero

A

lower, below

56
Q

latero

A

side to one side

57
Q

medio

A

middle

58
Q

proximo

A

near, nearest

59
Q

ventro

A

belly, belly side

60
Q

abdomino

A

abdomen

61
Q

cervico

A

neck, cervix uteri

62
Q

cranio

A

skull

63
Q

gastro

A

stomach

64
Q

ilio

A

ilium

65
Q

inguino

A

groin

66
Q

pelvi or pelvo

A

pelvis

67
Q

spino

A

spine

68
Q

thoraco

A

chest

69
Q

umbilico

A

umbilicus, navel

70
Q

albino or leuko

A

white

71
Q

chloro

A

green, ex CHLOROPIA: green vision

72
Q

chromo

A

color, ex HETEROCHROMIC: pertaining to diff colors

73
Q

cirrho, jaundo or xantho

A

yellowing, or abnormal yellowing

74
Q

cyano

A

blue, ex CYANOTIC: blueness

75
Q

erythro

A

red, ex ERYTHROCYTE: red cell

76
Q

melano

A

black, ex MELANOMA: black tumor

77
Q

polio

A

gray, grey matter, ex POLIOMYELITIS: inflammation of the grey matter in the spinal cord

78
Q

acro

A

extremity, ex ACROCYANOSIS: abnormal condition, extremities are blue

79
Q

etio

A

cause, ex ETIOLOGY: study of the causes of disease

80
Q

idio

A

unknown, peculiar, ex IDIOPATHIC: pertaining to an unknown cause of disease.

81
Q

morpho

A

form, shape, ex MORPHOLOGY: study of form, shape

82
Q

patho

A

disease, ex PATHOLOGIST: specialist in the study of disease

83
Q

radio

A

radiation, ex RADIOLOGIST: specialist in the study of radiation

84
Q

somato

A

body, ex SOMATIC: pertaining to the body

85
Q

sono

A

sound, ex SONOGRAPHY: process of recording sound

86
Q

tomo

A

to cut, ex TOMOGRAPHY: process of recording to cut

87
Q

viscero

A

internal organ, ex VISCERAL: pertaining to internal organs

88
Q

xero

A

dry, ex XEROSIS: abnormal condition of dryness

89
Q

genesis

A

forming, origin, ex PATHOGENSIS: origin of disease

90
Q

gnosis

A

knowing, ex PROGNOSIS: knowing before

91
Q

gram

A

record, writing, ex ARTERIOGRAM: record of an artery

92
Q

graph

A

instrument for recording, ex RADIOGRAPH

93
Q

graphy

A

process of recording, ex ARTHROGRAPHY: joint

94
Q

logist

A

specialist in the study of

95
Q

logy

A

study of

96
Q

meter

A

instrument for measuring

97
Q

pathy

A

disease

98
Q

ab

A

from, away from

99
Q

ad

A

toward

100
Q

hetero

A

different

101
Q

homeo

A

same, alike

102
Q

infra

A

below, under

103
Q

peri

A

around

104
Q

super

A

upper, above

105
Q

trans

A

across, through

106
Q

ultra

A

excess, beyond

107
Q

symptom

A

subjective info from the pt

108
Q

signs

A

objective, can be observed

109
Q

adhesion

A

abnormal fibrous bands, holds or binds together tissue that are normally separated

110
Q

ascites

A

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity

111
Q

edema

A

abnormal accumulation of fluid WITHIN TISSUE SPACE

112
Q

febrile

A

fever

113
Q

gangrene

A

death and decay of soft tissue, ex circulatory obstruction

114
Q

hernia

A

protrusion of organ through the structure that contains it

115
Q

inflammation

A

body defense mechanism

116
Q

mycosis

A

any fungal infections in or on the body

117
Q

perforation

A

hole that completely penetrates a structure

118
Q

peritonitis

A

inflammation of the peritoneum

119
Q

rupture

A

sudden breaking or bursting

120
Q

sepsis

A

presence of microorganisms or their products in the bloodstream

121
Q

suppuration

A

producing or associated w/ the generation of pus

122
Q

infusion therapy

A

delivery of fluids into the blood stream, iv therapy

123
Q

ablation

A

removal of a part, pathway, or function by surgery, chemical destruction, elelctrocautery, freezing and radio

124
Q

anastomosis

A

surgical joining of two ducts , vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to another

125
Q

cauterize

A

destruction of tissue by electricity, freezing, heat, or corrosive chemicals

126
Q

curettage

A

scraping of a body cavity w/ a spoon-shaped instrument called a curette

127
Q

incision and drainage

A

incision made to allow the free flow or w/drawal of fluids from a wound or cavity

128
Q

laser surgery

A

use of high intensity laser beam to remove disease tissue, stop bleeding blood vessels or for cometic purposes

129
Q

resection

A

removal of part or all of a structure, organ or tissue

130
Q

revision

A

surgical procedure used to replace or compensate fro a previously implanted device or correct, undesirable result

131
Q

assessment techniques

A

sequence procedures designed to evaluate the health status of a pt

132
Q

inspection

A

general observation of the pt as a whole, progressing to specific body areas

MED TERM ECC (6 decks)

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