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AP US History Unit 1 > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

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0
Q

Men outnumbered women…

A

6/1

-most men couldn’t find mates

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1
Q

What killed much of the Chesapeake population?

A

Dysentery and malaria.

  • 1/2 of the people died before they were 20
  • 1/2 of the remainder did not make it to their 50th
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2
Q

Most marriages were destroyed by death…

A

In 7 years

-very few children grew up under the care of 2 parents and almost none knew granfparents

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3
Q

What led to population growth

A
  • native born colonists became immune to dysentery

- the presence of women allowed more families to form and population growth

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4
Q

Tobacco

A
  • the chesapeake was very good for tobacco
  • tobacco before corn because people feared corn was an indian staging area
  • moved further into river valleys provoking indian attacks
  • tobacco needed labor
  • indentured servants were cheaper at first
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5
Q

How many pounds of tobacco were produced in 1630? 1700?

A

1.5 mill pounds in 1630

40 million pounds in 1700

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6
Q

Headright system

A
  • Virginia and Maryland
  • Gave 50 acres of land to whoever paid for the passage of a laborer giving benefits to masters
  • people with modest fortunes could become plantation owners
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7
Q

How many indentured servants came to the chesapeake by 1700?

A

100,000

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8
Q

Freedom dues

A
  • when land became harder to come by, fewer laborers were given land
  • misbehaving servants had their times of service extended
  • many returned to their masters for little pay when they couldn’t find jobs
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9
Q

Before Bacon’s Rebellion

A
  • Impoverished freedmen drifted around the Chesapeake in the late 1700’s
  • They couldn’t find work or wives
  • The Virginia assembly disenfranchised the men in 1670
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10
Q

Bacon’s rebellion right before the rebellion

A
  • 1676 Nathaniel Bacon a 29 year old planter led a rebellion
  • Opposed Governor Berkley’s Indian Policy, which refused to protect landholders on the western frontier and the monopoly on the fur trade
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11
Q

Bacon’s Rebellion

A
  • Freedmen joined the rebellion and rampantly plundered and pilfered
  • Bacon died of disease
  • Berkley crushed the rebellion
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12
Q

What Bacon’s rebellion showed

A
  • the frontier and the indentured servants

- needed a less troublesome work force (slaves)

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13
Q

After columbus’ landing how many slaves were taken to the new world?

A

10 million

  • 400,000 to north america (most after 1700)
  • most went to Portuguese south america and west indes
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14
Q

The first africans arrived in Jamestown in…

A

1619

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15
Q

In 1670 slaves only numbered… In Virginia

A

2000

  • 7% in the plantation colonies as a whole
  • it was costly to bring them and risked capital
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16
Q

Why was it easier to get slaves later?

A
  • wages were rising in England in the 1680’s
  • fear of servant rebellions
  • Royal African Company lost its monopoly in 1698
17
Q

How many slaves came ashore in the decade after 1700?

A

10,000

  • in 1750 blacks were almost 1/2 of the population of Virginia
  • in NC they outnumbered 2/1
18
Q

Most slaves came from…

A

The west coast of Africa, or modern day Senegal

-most were captured by coastal tribes who sold them to European merchants

19
Q

Middle Passage

A

A voyage across the ocean in a sweltering ship

  • death rates were as high as 20%
  • survivors were auctioned off in slave markets
20
Q

Slaves vs Servants

A
  • at first there was a very small difference between servant and slave
  • statutes appeared that defined the slaves as property or “chattel”
  • slave codes prevented teaching how to read and write or marry interracially
21
Q

Conditions for slaves

A
  • in the deep south most died needing new imports

- in the Chesapeake conditions were better and family life developed

22
Q

Slave culture

A
  • Gullah was a language of a blend of african languages (goober, okra, voodoo)
  • ring shout dance was developed with performers circling a preacher and answering his shouts
  • banjo and bongo drum
23
Q

Slave rebellions

A
  • 1712 New York
  • 1739 South Carolina

-little sucess

24
Q

South changed from a place of poverty and disease to…

A

A place with an ever widening social structure with a few wealthy planters.

  • they had the most land and power
  • controlled 70% of the House of Burgesses in Virginia before the revolution
25
Q

Small farmers

A
  • largest social group

- farmed their own land or had 1 or 2 slaves

26
Q

Landless whites

A

-below the small farmers

27
Q

Indentured servants

A

Below the landless whites

28
Q

Slaves

A

At the bottom of the social structure

29
Q

Professional class

A

Nearly nonexistent and slow to emerge

30
Q

What was the main source of transportation in the south?

A

Waterways

-roads were poor and destroyed by bad weather

31
Q

New England Families

A
  • less disease than south bc of cooler temperatures
  • 10 years added to one’s life living in the north
  • came in groups
  • population grew to natural reproduction
  • early marriage
32
Q

Childbirth

A
  • children every 2 years
  • fear of death in childbirth
  • longevity contributed to stability
  • grandparent concept
  • low premarital pregnancy rate
  • reduced women’s rights w/o property after marriage
33
Q

Life in New England Towns

A
  • closely knit towns and villages
  • surrounded by Dutch, French, and Indians
  • puritanism gave people a unity of purpose that would lead to abolitionist movement
34
Q

New England town setup

A

Towns had to be chartered

  • surrounded meeting house and village green
  • elementary education when more than 50 people
35
Q

Colleges

A
  • Harvard 1636 to train Puritan ministry

- 1693 for William and Mary in Virginia

36
Q

Village meeting houses

A

Appointed officials, school masters, discuss local issues.

37
Q

The Halfway Covenant

A
  • population grew and fewer people had the religious zeal of the first generation
  • decline in conversions
  • allowed partial membership for those who were not converted
  • blurred line between elect and other members of society
38
Q

Jeremiads

A

Sermons from puritan pulpits that scolded parishioners for their waning piety

39
Q

Salem witch trials

A
  • adolescent girls claimed they were bewitched by older women
  • lower class accusing upper class
  • ended when governor’s wife was accused
40
Q

New England Way of life 1

A
  • Poor soil made New Englanders hard workers and engaged in trade vigorously
  • Less diversity in the north do to less settling do to poor soil
  • harsh winters
  • diversified agriculture
  • Native americans didn’t understand ownership and burned land for deer
41
Q

New England way of life 2

A
  • condemned natives for “wasting” the land
  • cleared woodlands for pastures
  • livestock led to erosion and harsh microclimates
  • natural harbors became famous for shipbuilding
  • huge codfish population
  • spirit for conquering nature

AP US History Unit 1 (4 decks)

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