Chapter 2 Flashcards
By 1600 most of America was…
Unsettled
Which countries planted colonies in N America by 1600?
Spain and Portugal
What led to England’s rise?
Henry 8th’s break w/ catholic church and English protestant reformation.
Who supported the catholic Irish uprising against England?
Spain
What did Elizabeth 1 do to the Irish uprising?
She crushed it, and took land, giving it to the scotch protestants.
What did Elizabeth encourage seadogs to do?
Attack spanish shipping lanes.
Who did Elizabeth knight after he plundered his way around the new world?
Sir Francis Drake
When and where was the England’s first attempt to colonize the new world?
1583- New Foundland
When and who organized an expedition to NC’s Roanoke island?
1585- Sir Walter Raleigh
Was the expedition to Roanoke successful?
Everyone disappeared mysteriously.
Invincible Armada
Spain’s attempt to attack the British. The Spanish were defeated by the smaller and faster British fleet and a storm called the Protestant Wind.
What did the Invincible Armada mark?
The beginning of the end of the Spanish empire + English naval dominance.
What did the Invincible Armada spark in the British?
Relentlessness, a thirst for adventure, the unknown, self confidence, and patriotism.
When did the British and Spanish sign a peace treaty to allow for colonization?
1604
What was the English population in 1600?
4 million
What supplied most of the early settlers of NA?
Western England’s cropland was enclosed, forcing small farmers off the land.
What drove most of the population of western England to the cities in the late 1500’s?
An economic depression in the woolen districts.
Primogeniture laws
Only older sons can inherit land, forcing younger sons to find other means, such as pooling resources into joint stock companies.
What group received a charter from King James 1 for settlement in Jamestown and when?
The Joint-stock Virginia Company of London in 1606.
Jamestown was intended to…
Turn a quick profit.
Charter of Virginia Company
Guaranteed overseas settlers the same rights as Englishmen. Foundation of American liberties.
When was Jamestown settled and where?
1607 along the James River which was easy to defend.
What were problems that led to death in Jamestown?
Mosquitos carried disease.
Settlers were “gentlemen” and didn’t want to farm.
They spent too much time looking for gold.
John Smith
Took over Jamestown in 1608.
“Saved” by Pocahontas in 1607
Established peaceful relations with the Powhatans.
“No work no eat rule”
“Starving time”
1609-1610
60/400 survived
Ate cats, dogs, rats, mice, corpses
Lord De LaWarr
Instituted military regime at Jamestown in 1610, and took military action against the indians.
How many survived out of the total 8000 attempts at Jamestown by 1625?
1200/8000
Powhatan Confederacy
The Indians who were dominated by Powhatan.
De LaWarr used the same tactics against the Indians as he used against the…
irish
End of 1st Powhatan War
Peace treaty sealed by the marriage of Pocahontas and John Rolfe.
Violence resumed in…
1622
How many including Rolfe died in 1622
347
2nd Powhatan War
1644 to 1646.
Last effort against English.
Peace treaty in 1646 banished the Indians from Chesapeake.
Powhatans
Died largely due to disease.
Lacked unity to defeat the whites.
Could be disposed of without harm to the colonial economy.
Were not a reliable labor source.
Horses changed the habits of…
The Lakotas who became nomads from forest dwellers.
Disease and the Indians
Disease destroyed certain populations, but led to the formation of new ones like the Catawba
Costal indians were more devastated than…
Inland populations because they had time to react.
John Rolfe
Father of tobacco industry and created a popular flavor.
What did tobacco do?
No end to demand.
Pushed settlers westward for more land to plant it.
Ruinous to soil.
Created a high demand for labor.
When was slavery introduced?
1619 with 20 slaves from a Dutch warship.
Why didn’t slavery flourish?
It was expensive.
House of Burgesses
First democratic democracy in 1619.
James called Virginia “seminary of sedition” because of it and tobacco.
First “miniature” parliament in America.
When did James 1 revoke the charter and make it a royal colony?
1624
Lord Baltimore
Founded Maryland in 1634 as a financial venture and as a refuge for catholics.
Why did the population of Maryland grow? What was the result?
Tobacco. Catholics became a minority.
Act of Toleration
Toleration of all christians, but the death penalty for those who were not. Resulted in less religious toleration.
West Indies
Spain’s power weakened, and England secured Jamaica in 1655. Sugar was the main crop of the rich, tobacco for the poor.
Sugar planters in the W Indies needed more…
Slaves
Who became the majority of the W Indies population
african slaves
To control a potentially resistive slave population, England…
Created slave codes that defined a slave’s legal status.
Barbados Slave Code of 1661
Denied most fundamental rights to slaves
When did English settlers bring the model of the slave code from Barbados?
1670
In what era was the Carolina’s founded?
The restoration period.
The Carolinas
Hoped to provide foodstuffs to W Indies.
Exported indian slaves.
Later was rice.
Slaves and the Carolinas
After Savannah Indians ended alliance with whites and slowed slave sales rice was main export.
West african slaves knew rice farming and were prized and were resistant to malaria.
Made up a majority of Carolinas after 1710.
Charlestown
Became the busiest seaport in the south, and was targeted by the Spanish.
Was too strong by 1700 to be wiped out.
North Carolina start
Backcountry near Virginia attracted poverty stricken outcasts and religious dissenters.
Squatters farmed tobacco w/o slaves.
Remained isolated from V and SC
Formal separation of North Carolina
Separated in 1712.
Known for democratic nature like RI
Was like south and bloody toward indians.
Defeat of indians in the carolinas
SC defeated the Yamasees in 1715 and nearly all costal tribes were gone by 1720.
Georgia
Settled in 1733. Last colony. Buffer from spanish. Named in honor of George 2. Produced silk and wine. Haven for debtors.
James Oglethorpe
Founder and military leader when Georgia was attacked by Spain.
Why Georgia grew slowly.
Unhealthful climate, restrictions on slavery, attacks by Spanish.
The Plantation Colonies
All dependent on staple crops.
Practiced slavery.
Provided tax support for church of England.
Had few cities.
