Chapter 3 Flashcards
John Calvin
- Elaborated Luther’s ideas
- important to the unborn settlers of NA
Martin Luther
95 theses on the Wittenberg cathedral.
- bible alone was gods word
- ignited the reformation
Institutes of the Catholic Religion
- calvin’s book
- god was all powerful and all good
- humans were weak and wicked due to original sin
- god was all knowing, he knows who goes to heaven and hell
Predestination
- the elect were saved
- no one can do anything for themselves
- one looked for signs that they were saved
- one lived a sanctified life to show they were saved
Puritans
- wanted to purify the church of England
- wanted it to be de-cathlolicized
- leaned toward calvin’s beliefs
- only those who showed they were saved could join the church
- visible saints should not share pews with the damned
Separatists
- Same view as Puratins but wanted to separate from COE
- James 1 feared them and harassed them out.
Plymouth Plantation
- Founded by separatists who originally fled to Holland
- we’re supposed to land in Virginia
- were squatters in Plymouth bay
- Drew up Mayflower Compact
- less than half were separatists
Mayflower Compact
- set precedent for written constitutions
- an agreement to follow the will of the majority
How many survived the winter of 1620-1621 in Plymouth?
44/102
When and how many people were in Plymouth when it merged with Mass. bay?
7000 people in 1691
Massachusetts Bay Colony
- Founded by moderate Puritans in 1629
- Feared extinction of their religion
- Charles 1 persecuted Puritans and dismissed parliament
How many refugees left England for Mass. Bay in the 1630’s?
75,000 left England
14,000 went to Mass. Bay.
41,000 went to Carribean
Jonathan Winthrop
- 1st Mass. Governor
- Helped Mass. prosper with fur, fishing, and shipping
- Boston was “city built upon a hill” as a beacon to humanity
- Believed w/ mass. people that they had a covenant with god to build a holy society
Bible Commonwealth
- all freemen could vote
- Freemen were visible saints who were men
- 2/5 of population
- congregationalists
- could hire and fire clergymen that could not hold public office
Protestant work ethic
Serious commitment to work
Problems at Massachusetts Bay
- Puritans were still not tolerant
- Quakers flouted the authority of the Puritan clergy and were banished or hung
Anne Hutchinson
- Attacked the idea that a holy life was a sign that one was saved
- was put on trial and outwitted her inquisitors
- said her beliefs cane from a direct revelation from god
- banished to RI and was killed in New York by Indians
Roger Williams
- attacked leaders to break from the COE
- said the land was taken from the Indians
- said it was wrong for the government to regulate religious behavior
- authorities said he was guilty of disseminating new and dangerous opinions
- authorities tried to banish him to England, but he fled to RI with the help of the Indians
When did Williams flee to RI?
1636
Rhode Island
- Roger Williams founded a Baptist church in RI in 1636
- Complete religious freedom
- no state supported church
- sheltered abused Quakers, but didn’t agree with their views
- exiles from mass bay made more settlements
Who clustered in the RI colony?
Outcasts
-Rogues Island for the otherwise minded
What statue is now housed in Providence?
Independent Man
Connecticut
- Founded by Boston Puritans led by Thomas Hooker
- Drafted the Fundamental Orders in 1639
Fundamental Orders
1639
- A modern constitution with a regime controlled democratically by substantial citizens
- Used in Connecticut Charter and The Connecticut State Constitution
New Haven
- Set up by Puritans who wanted an even closer state-church alliance than mass.
- wanted a thriving seaport
- Charles 2 didn’t like it because it had 2 judges that condemned his father
When was New Haven merged into Connecticut?
1622
Maine
- Formed in 1623 by Sir Fernando Gorges for furs and fishing
- failed
- was purchased from Mass. In 1677
- stayed with mass for a century and a half
New Hampshire
- Formed for fishing and furs.
- Absorbed by Mass. in 1641
- Separated by the king in 1679
Indians in New England
- clashes with indians
- an epidemic started by english fishermen wiped out 3/4 of coastal tribes
- indian settlements and fields lay open
- indians helped plymouth settlers in first Thanksgiving
Pequot War
- English settlers pushed up the Connecticut river
- battle with Pequot tribe in 1637
- English allied with Narragansetts
- burned the Pequot village and shot survivors
Christians and Indians
- England tried to force the puritans to convert the Indians to christianity
- never done to the French and Spanish extent
King Phillip’s War
- the Indian’s only hope was to unite against the English
- Metacom mounted a series of coordinated attacks
- Frontier villages fled to Boston
- 52 Puritan towns hit
- 12 towns destroyed
- Hundreds on both sides killed
- slowed english advance
Metacom’s fate
- Wife and son sold into slavery.
- he was captured drawn and quartered
- head put on a stake
New England Confederation
- Colonies had to survive on their own during English Civil War
- 1643 they joined together
- 2 conn. and 2 Mass. Joined
- RI and Maine not welcome
Importance of New England Confederation
Not powerful but notable since representatives were elected and inter-colonial matters were discussed.
After the English Civil War
- colonies could have done all they pleased before the end of the war
- Charles 2 wanted more power
- punished Mass Bay for defiance of royal orders
- gave connect. Sea to sea charter
- sanctioned RI with a charter
- revoked Mass Bay charter
The Dominion of New England
- mass bay was humiliated when it was established
- imposed by london
- included New England, New York, and The Jerseys
- created to stop colonial rivalries and to end colonial trade with other nations
Sir Edmund Andros
Head of Dominion of New England based in Boston
- curbed town meetings
- restricted courts
- taxed w/o consent of reps
- enforced navigation laws and suppressed smuggling
Glorious Revolution replaced James 2 with…
- Mary 2 and William
- led to Leisler’s rebellion in Boston
Leisler’s Rebellion
- Andros Overthrown in Boston
- Andros tries to escape in women’s clothes but is caught
- Andros sent back to England
- Mass made a royal colony
- Voting based on property instead of church membership
- Changes by Charles and James disappear, but English rule again
Dutch declare independence from Spain in…
July 26, 1581
Henry Hudson
-sailed through New York bay and the Hudson River.
When did the Dutch colonize new Netherlands?
1624 by the Dutch West India Company
How was tolerance in New Netherlands?
Little freedom of Religion, Speech, or democratic practices, and was very aristocratic
New Netherlands
- New Amsterdam had a cosmopolitan flavor as a seaport town with 18 languages
- was similar to Pennsylvania with a mix of people
- was poorly run with investors demanding return
Treatment of New Neatherlands
- New England was hostile to it
- Swedes trespassed and planted New Sweden on the banks of the Delaware River in 1638
- Peter Stuyvesant drove out Swedish rule in 1655
Dutch Residue in New York
- Charles 2 of England sent the Duke of York to remove the Dutch in 1664
- New York remains aristocratic resulting in growth of population
- Dutch names remained in Harlem, Santa Clause, Skating, Easter Eggs, and Sauerkraut
Quakers
- Quakers were religious dissenters who arose in England in the mid-1600’s
- refused to support the COE through taxes and refused military service
William Penn
A wellborn quaker who defied his father by joining the religion
- used a debt to his father to secure a land grant from his father
- advertised heavily in drawing people to Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania
Launched in 1681
- benefited from a squatter population on the Delaware River
- bought land from chief Tammany and established a benevolent policy toward indians which drew them in
Pennsylvania’s Success
-no tax supported religion and religious tolerance for all
(no catholics or Jews could hold office)
-liberal features attracted many ethnic groups
-became profitable
New Jersey
- Quakers expanded into New Jersey as 2 proprietors received land from the Duke of York
- Quakers purchased the land and it was a refuge for those who wanted good soil
New Jersey became a royal colony in..
1702
Delaware was associated with…
Pennsylvania.
-But got its own assembly in 1703 but still remained under control of the governor of Penn.
The Middle Colonies
- Known for fertile soil
- Became the breadbasket colonies
- Medium sized farms
- Industry was in between levels of North and South
- Religious toleration except for New York
