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AP US History Unit 1 > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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0
Q

John Calvin

A
  • Elaborated Luther’s ideas

- important to the unborn settlers of NA

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1
Q

Martin Luther

A

95 theses on the Wittenberg cathedral.

  • bible alone was gods word
  • ignited the reformation
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2
Q

Institutes of the Catholic Religion

A
  • calvin’s book
  • god was all powerful and all good
  • humans were weak and wicked due to original sin
  • god was all knowing, he knows who goes to heaven and hell
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3
Q

Predestination

A
  • the elect were saved
  • no one can do anything for themselves
  • one looked for signs that they were saved
  • one lived a sanctified life to show they were saved
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4
Q

Puritans

A
  • wanted to purify the church of England
  • wanted it to be de-cathlolicized
  • leaned toward calvin’s beliefs
  • only those who showed they were saved could join the church
  • visible saints should not share pews with the damned
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5
Q

Separatists

A
  • Same view as Puratins but wanted to separate from COE

- James 1 feared them and harassed them out.

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6
Q

Plymouth Plantation

A
  • Founded by separatists who originally fled to Holland
  • we’re supposed to land in Virginia
  • were squatters in Plymouth bay
  • Drew up Mayflower Compact
  • less than half were separatists
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7
Q

Mayflower Compact

A
  • set precedent for written constitutions

- an agreement to follow the will of the majority

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8
Q

How many survived the winter of 1620-1621 in Plymouth?

A

44/102

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9
Q

When and how many people were in Plymouth when it merged with Mass. bay?

A

7000 people in 1691

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10
Q

Massachusetts Bay Colony

A
  • Founded by moderate Puritans in 1629
  • Feared extinction of their religion
  • Charles 1 persecuted Puritans and dismissed parliament
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11
Q

How many refugees left England for Mass. Bay in the 1630’s?

A

75,000 left England
14,000 went to Mass. Bay.
41,000 went to Carribean

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12
Q

Jonathan Winthrop

A
  • 1st Mass. Governor
  • Helped Mass. prosper with fur, fishing, and shipping
  • Boston was “city built upon a hill” as a beacon to humanity
  • Believed w/ mass. people that they had a covenant with god to build a holy society
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13
Q

Bible Commonwealth

A
  • all freemen could vote
  • Freemen were visible saints who were men
  • 2/5 of population
  • congregationalists
  • could hire and fire clergymen that could not hold public office
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14
Q

Protestant work ethic

A

Serious commitment to work

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15
Q

Problems at Massachusetts Bay

A
  • Puritans were still not tolerant

- Quakers flouted the authority of the Puritan clergy and were banished or hung

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16
Q

Anne Hutchinson

A
  • Attacked the idea that a holy life was a sign that one was saved
  • was put on trial and outwitted her inquisitors
  • said her beliefs cane from a direct revelation from god
  • banished to RI and was killed in New York by Indians
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17
Q

Roger Williams

A
  • attacked leaders to break from the COE
  • said the land was taken from the Indians
  • said it was wrong for the government to regulate religious behavior
  • authorities said he was guilty of disseminating new and dangerous opinions
  • authorities tried to banish him to England, but he fled to RI with the help of the Indians
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18
Q

When did Williams flee to RI?

A

1636

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19
Q

Rhode Island

A
  • Roger Williams founded a Baptist church in RI in 1636
  • Complete religious freedom
  • no state supported church
  • sheltered abused Quakers, but didn’t agree with their views
  • exiles from mass bay made more settlements
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20
Q

Who clustered in the RI colony?

A

Outcasts

-Rogues Island for the otherwise minded

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21
Q

What statue is now housed in Providence?

A

Independent Man

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22
Q

Connecticut

A
  • Founded by Boston Puritans led by Thomas Hooker

- Drafted the Fundamental Orders in 1639

23
Q

Fundamental Orders

A

1639

  • A modern constitution with a regime controlled democratically by substantial citizens
  • Used in Connecticut Charter and The Connecticut State Constitution
24
Q

New Haven

A
  • Set up by Puritans who wanted an even closer state-church alliance than mass.
  • wanted a thriving seaport
  • Charles 2 didn’t like it because it had 2 judges that condemned his father
25
Q

When was New Haven merged into Connecticut?

A

1622

26
Q

Maine

A
  • Formed in 1623 by Sir Fernando Gorges for furs and fishing
  • failed
  • was purchased from Mass. In 1677
  • stayed with mass for a century and a half
27
Q

New Hampshire

A
  • Formed for fishing and furs.
  • Absorbed by Mass. in 1641
  • Separated by the king in 1679
28
Q

Indians in New England

A
  • clashes with indians
  • an epidemic started by english fishermen wiped out 3/4 of coastal tribes
  • indian settlements and fields lay open
  • indians helped plymouth settlers in first Thanksgiving
29
Q

Pequot War

A
  • English settlers pushed up the Connecticut river
  • battle with Pequot tribe in 1637
  • English allied with Narragansetts
  • burned the Pequot village and shot survivors
30
Q

Christians and Indians

A
  • England tried to force the puritans to convert the Indians to christianity
  • never done to the French and Spanish extent
31
Q

King Phillip’s War

A
  • the Indian’s only hope was to unite against the English
  • Metacom mounted a series of coordinated attacks
  • Frontier villages fled to Boston
  • 52 Puritan towns hit
  • 12 towns destroyed
  • Hundreds on both sides killed
  • slowed english advance
32
Q

Metacom’s fate

A
  • Wife and son sold into slavery.
  • he was captured drawn and quartered
  • head put on a stake
33
Q

New England Confederation

A
  • Colonies had to survive on their own during English Civil War
  • 1643 they joined together
  • 2 conn. and 2 Mass. Joined
  • RI and Maine not welcome
34
Q

Importance of New England Confederation

A

Not powerful but notable since representatives were elected and inter-colonial matters were discussed.

35
Q

After the English Civil War

A
  • colonies could have done all they pleased before the end of the war
  • Charles 2 wanted more power
  • punished Mass Bay for defiance of royal orders
  • gave connect. Sea to sea charter
  • sanctioned RI with a charter
  • revoked Mass Bay charter
36
Q

The Dominion of New England

A
  • mass bay was humiliated when it was established
  • imposed by london
  • included New England, New York, and The Jerseys
  • created to stop colonial rivalries and to end colonial trade with other nations
37
Q

Sir Edmund Andros

A

Head of Dominion of New England based in Boston

  • curbed town meetings
  • restricted courts
  • taxed w/o consent of reps
  • enforced navigation laws and suppressed smuggling
38
Q

Glorious Revolution replaced James 2 with…

A
  • Mary 2 and William

- led to Leisler’s rebellion in Boston

39
Q

Leisler’s Rebellion

A
  • Andros Overthrown in Boston
  • Andros tries to escape in women’s clothes but is caught
  • Andros sent back to England
  • Mass made a royal colony
  • Voting based on property instead of church membership
  • Changes by Charles and James disappear, but English rule again
40
Q

Dutch declare independence from Spain in…

A

July 26, 1581

41
Q

Henry Hudson

A

-sailed through New York bay and the Hudson River.

42
Q

When did the Dutch colonize new Netherlands?

A

1624 by the Dutch West India Company

43
Q

How was tolerance in New Netherlands?

A

Little freedom of Religion, Speech, or democratic practices, and was very aristocratic

44
Q

New Netherlands

A
  • New Amsterdam had a cosmopolitan flavor as a seaport town with 18 languages
  • was similar to Pennsylvania with a mix of people
  • was poorly run with investors demanding return
45
Q

Treatment of New Neatherlands

A
  • New England was hostile to it
  • Swedes trespassed and planted New Sweden on the banks of the Delaware River in 1638
  • Peter Stuyvesant drove out Swedish rule in 1655
46
Q

Dutch Residue in New York

A
  • Charles 2 of England sent the Duke of York to remove the Dutch in 1664
  • New York remains aristocratic resulting in growth of population
  • Dutch names remained in Harlem, Santa Clause, Skating, Easter Eggs, and Sauerkraut
47
Q

Quakers

A
  • Quakers were religious dissenters who arose in England in the mid-1600’s
  • refused to support the COE through taxes and refused military service
48
Q

William Penn

A

A wellborn quaker who defied his father by joining the religion

  • used a debt to his father to secure a land grant from his father
  • advertised heavily in drawing people to Pennsylvania
49
Q

Pennsylvania

A

Launched in 1681

  • benefited from a squatter population on the Delaware River
  • bought land from chief Tammany and established a benevolent policy toward indians which drew them in
50
Q

Pennsylvania’s Success

A

-no tax supported religion and religious tolerance for all
(no catholics or Jews could hold office)
-liberal features attracted many ethnic groups
-became profitable

51
Q

New Jersey

A
  • Quakers expanded into New Jersey as 2 proprietors received land from the Duke of York
  • Quakers purchased the land and it was a refuge for those who wanted good soil
52
Q

New Jersey became a royal colony in..

A

1702

53
Q

Delaware was associated with…

A

Pennsylvania.

-But got its own assembly in 1703 but still remained under control of the governor of Penn.

54
Q

The Middle Colonies

A
  • Known for fertile soil
  • Became the breadbasket colonies
  • Medium sized farms
  • Industry was in between levels of North and South
  • Religious toleration except for New York

AP US History Unit 1 (4 decks)

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