chapter 4 Flashcards
T or F. children must deal with limited neural resources handling a multitude of tasks
True
physical and motor development:
- motor and cognitive development compete for cerebral resources
- rapid developmental changes in vocal tract stress the development of speech.
stuttering seems to have its most frequent onset while a child is mastering what?
more complex language
Children predisposed to stuttering may have deficits in areas responsible for planning and production of what?
speech and language
T or F rapid speech and language development may stress these weak areas, resulting in stuttering.
true
T or F. some children may develop stuttering as a response to extra difficulty bc of speech or language delay and the stress it puts on speech production.
true
T or F. intensive cognitive development may compete with fluency
True
T or F. The “ups and downs” in a child’s fluency may reflect the spurts of cognitive development.
True
At what age may children be self-conscious enough to have negative emotions about stuttering?
after age 3
___________ arousal increases stuttering and normal disfluency.
emotional
________ _________ during childhood may trigger or worsen stuttering.
emotional stress
Children with a sensitive temperament may be more vulnerable to?
to stutter
do individuals who stutter appear to be normal in terms of psychosocial traits?
yes
Enviornmental factors may interact with developmental factors to trigger or worsen _____________.
Stuttering
there is mixed research about parents affect on stuttering
theory: children with a vulnerable temperament may have inherited it from 1 or both of their parents thus the parents might be perfectionists, anxious etcc,..