Chapter 4

Question 1

Exhibiting different mechanical properties in response to loads from different directions

Answer 1

Anisotropic

Question 2

Bones composing the body appendages

Answer 2

Appendicular skeleton

Question 3

Protective layer of firm, flexible, connective tissue over the articulating ends of long bones

Answer 3

Articular cartilage

Question 4

The skull, vertebrae, sternum, and ribs

Answer 4

Axial skeleton

Question 5

Decrease in bone mass resulting from a predominance of osteoclast activity

Answer 5

Bone hypertrophy

Question 6

Ability to resist pressing or squeezing force

Answer 6

Compressive strength

Question 7

Compact mineralized connective tissue with low porosity that is found in the shafts of long bones

Answer 7

Cortical bone

Question 8

Compact mineralized connective tissue with low porosity that is found in the shafts of long bones

Answer 8

Cortical bone

Question 9

Growth center of a bone that produces new bone tissues as part of the normal growth process until closes during adolescence or early adulthood

Answer 9

Epiphysis

Question 10

Skeletal structures that are largely flat in shape - for example, the scapula

Answer 10

Flat bones

Question 11

Disruption in the continuity of a bone

Answer 11

Fracture

Question 12

Pressed together by a compressive load

Answer 12

Impacted

Question 13

Skeletal structures of irregular shapes for example the sacrum

Answer 13

Irregular bones

Question 14

A relatively rigid object that may be made to rotate about an axis by the application of force

Answer 14

Lever

Question 15

Skeletal structures consisting of a long shaft with bulbous ends - an eccample, the femur

Answer 15

Long bones

Question 16

Bone cells that build new bone tissue

Answer 16

Osteoblasts

Question 17

Bone cells that resorb bone tissue

Answer 17

Osteoclasts

Question 18

Condition of reduced bone mineral density that predisposes the individual to fractures

Answer 18

Osteopenia

Question 19

Disorder involving decreased bone mass and strength with one or more resulting fractures

Answer 19

Osteoporosis

Question 20

Double layered membrane covering bone ; muscle tendons ; attach to the outside layer, and the internal layer is a side of osteoblast activity

Answer 20

Periosteum

Question 21

Containing pores or cavities

Answer 21

Porous

Question 22

Small, cubical skeletal structures, including the carpals and tarsals

Answer 22

Short bones

Question 23

Ratio of stress to strain in a loaded material

Answer 23

Stiffness

Question 24

Amount of deformation divided by the original length of the structure by the original angular orientation

Answer 24

Strain