chapter 4

Question 1

what were the initial withdrawals from the british empire in the 1940s?

Answer 1

india and pakistan

Question 2

who was a main negotiator for the EEC acceptance?

Answer 2

edward heath - chief negotiator
pro-european
leader of tory party 1965-75

Question 3

why was britain reluctant to join the schuman plan 1950 ?

Answer 3

-very few politicians in favour of brit taking up the leadership role in europe
-left were suspicious of the free market principles behind the common market
-right valued trade links w aus, canada, new zea more than with europe
-belief that it was an issue for continental europe as britain had ‘won a war’

Question 4

what was the schuman plan?

Answer 4

robert schuman french foreign minister set out proposals for a coal and steel community that would integrate french & german heavy industry to promote rapid economic reconstruction

Question 5

what would the schuman plan later develop into?

Answer 5

the EEC
European Economic Community

Question 6

why was britain not allowed in the EEC?

Answer 6

french president charles degaulle wanted to protect it from britain’s terrible economics

Question 7

what was britain’s response to the gatekeeping?

Answer 7

formed the EFTA which was only ever moderately successful and didnt match the economic growth of the EEC

Question 8

when was the first application sent?

Answer 8

1961
-was hoping eec could boost industrial prod for large export market
-increase industrial efficiency with greater comp
-stimulate economic growth

Question 9

why was britain joining the EEC important for the special relationship?

Answer 9

america wanted to use trade links
belief in britain’s imperial power was shaken by suez and accelarating decolonisation in africa

Question 10

what were the three areas britain wanted to juggle good relations with?

Answer 10

commonwealth
special relationship
EEC

Question 11

in which year was britain rejected?

Answer 11

1963
degualle uses veto

Question 12

how did the special relationship develop throughout the cold war?

Answer 12

britain supported united nations in korea
worked with US to sustain west berlin
britain was kept informed of the cuban missile crisis
however britain was mostly just a bystander

Question 13

when were britain’s first atomic bomb tests and what rank did this place it?

Answer 13

1952
3rd to develop nuclear weapons

Question 14

when did campaigns against this begin?

Answer 14

CND - 1958
rapidly became most powerful pressure group in britain
wanted to reject nuclear weaapons and follow policy of unilateral nuclear disarmament

Question 15

when was the korean war?

Answer 15

1950-53

Question 16

how many soldiers did britain send to korea?

Answer 16

90,000
1,000 died

Question 17

what did the korean war demonstrate about britain?

Answer 17

willingness to contribute to world affairs despite clear economic restraints
still clear USA is greater power

Question 18

when did the suez crisis happen?

Answer 18

october 1956
under eden

Question 19

which countries supported eden in the build up of the crisis?

Answer 19

france, israel

Question 20

what is a large issue with the suez crisis?

Answer 20

details were concealed from parliament and americans

Question 21

what were the effects of the military action in the suez?

Answer 21

caused political protest in britain with anti-war protests
britain was not strong enough to stand up to american pressure
began a financial crisis
eden’s reputation was fatally damaged

Question 22

what are four major effects of the suez crisis on britain?

Answer 22

brought britain’s reptuatoin as a force for good under question
highlighted inability to perform without USA’s support
the impact that britian’s economic and financial policy had on foreign policy
undermined britain’s rep as a major world power

Question 23

what was the technique britain was hoping to use while decolonising?

Answer 23

gradual transition from empire to new commonwealth
resistance movements can be prevented until the people are ready for independence

Question 24

what was the mau mau rebellion in kenya 1952?

Answer 24

violent nationalist uprising
both sides committed atrocities
difficult struggle
demonstrated issues w colonial policies

Question 25

what was the shift in colonisation policy marked by?

Answer 25

macmillan’s winds of change speech 1960
done in south africa
detailed african continent needing change in policy and the need for recognition of independence movements

Question 26

when was the transition from empire to commonwealth complete?

Answer 26

1964