chapter 4 Flashcards
what were the initial withdrawals from the british empire in the 1940s?
india and pakistan
who was a main negotiator for the EEC acceptance?
edward heath - chief negotiator
pro-european
leader of tory party 1965-75
why was britain reluctant to join the schuman plan 1950 ?
-very few politicians in favour of brit taking up the leadership role in europe
-left were suspicious of the free market principles behind the common market
-right valued trade links w aus, canada, new zea more than with europe
-belief that it was an issue for continental europe as britain had ‘won a war’
what was the schuman plan?
robert schuman french foreign minister set out proposals for a coal and steel community that would integrate french & german heavy industry to promote rapid economic reconstruction
what would the schuman plan later develop into?
the EEC
European Economic Community
why was britain not allowed in the EEC?
french president charles degaulle wanted to protect it from britain’s terrible economics
what was britain’s response to the gatekeeping?
formed the EFTA which was only ever moderately successful and didnt match the economic growth of the EEC
when was the first application sent?
1961
-was hoping eec could boost industrial prod for large export market
-increase industrial efficiency with greater comp
-stimulate economic growth
why was britain joining the EEC important for the special relationship?
america wanted to use trade links
belief in britain’s imperial power was shaken by suez and accelarating decolonisation in africa
what were the three areas britain wanted to juggle good relations with?
commonwealth
special relationship
EEC
in which year was britain rejected?
1963
degualle uses veto
how did the special relationship develop throughout the cold war?
britain supported united nations in korea
worked with US to sustain west berlin
britain was kept informed of the cuban missile crisis
however britain was mostly just a bystander
when were britain’s first atomic bomb tests and what rank did this place it?
1952
3rd to develop nuclear weapons
when did campaigns against this begin?
CND - 1958
rapidly became most powerful pressure group in britain
wanted to reject nuclear weaapons and follow policy of unilateral nuclear disarmament
when was the korean war?
1950-53
how many soldiers did britain send to korea?
90,000
1,000 died
what did the korean war demonstrate about britain?
willingness to contribute to world affairs despite clear economic restraints
still clear USA is greater power
when did the suez crisis happen?
october 1956
under eden
which countries supported eden in the build up of the crisis?
france, israel
what is a large issue with the suez crisis?
details were concealed from parliament and americans
what were the effects of the military action in the suez?
caused political protest in britain with anti-war protests
britain was not strong enough to stand up to american pressure
began a financial crisis
eden’s reputation was fatally damaged
what are four major effects of the suez crisis on britain?
brought britain’s reptuatoin as a force for good under question
highlighted inability to perform without USA’s support
the impact that britian’s economic and financial policy had on foreign policy
undermined britain’s rep as a major world power
what was the technique britain was hoping to use while decolonising?
gradual transition from empire to new commonwealth
resistance movements can be prevented until the people are ready for independence
what was the mau mau rebellion in kenya 1952?
violent nationalist uprising
both sides committed atrocities
difficult struggle
demonstrated issues w colonial policies
what was the shift in colonisation policy marked by?
macmillan’s winds of change speech 1960
done in south africa
detailed african continent needing change in policy and the need for recognition of independence movements
when was the transition from empire to commonwealth complete?
1964
