chapter 11 Flashcards
what was the most supported societal movement during the 1970s?
second wave feminism
-international womens day by unitednations 1977
when was the first womens liberation meeting?
1970, london
soon other cities began their own
what was a famous protest movement by the womens lib?
disrupting the 1970 miss world contest in protest of the objectification of women
stink and smoke bombs were used
what were demands of the womens lib movement?
-free 24 hour nurseries
-equal pay
what were the two subdivisions of feminism?
-radical feminists - focused on reproductive rights and the belief women are oppressed by patriachal society
-socialist feminists - believe class divisions to be the root and wanted financial independence to be achievable for women
what positive actions were taken during this era?
-contraceptive pill becomes more accessible as its part of the NHS in 1971
-1976 domestic violence act makes it possible for women to restrain violent partners through court
what is a famous protest in 1977
‘reclaim the night marches’ against the yorkshire ripper
what were the terms of the sex discrimination act 1975?
-end discrimination to men or women on the basis of their gender or marital status
-aimed to ensure equality in oppurtunity in fields of employment, education and outlawing harrassment
what was the overseeing equality oppurtunities commission?
-oversees sex discrimination act and equal pay act
-could bring court proceedings against any party that was uncompliant
what was the reality of the EOC?
-only launched 9 investigations between 1976 and 1983
-only 10% of sex discrimination claims were successful as it was hard to prove
when was the equal pay act introduced, and when did it come into force?
1970, 1975
what was a new law in 1971?
women were able to take out a mortgage without male guarantor
what was the employment protection act 1975?
introduces paid maternity leave and outlaws dismissal on grounds of pregnancy
what was the perception of females by trade unions and when did this change?
-that women wanted to steal their jobs
-1979 TUC published a charter discussing equality for women in TUs
what is a statistic that demonstrates some change during this period?
womens wages go up from 59% of mens wages in 1970 to 70% in 1977
why was there an influx of ugandan immigrants in the early 1970s?
dictator of uganda persecuted and expelled ugandan asians
many had british passports as they had moved from india while it was a colony
28,000 arrive in britain
what was another international event that caused an influx of immigration?
bangladesh breaking away from pakistan in 1974
how many new commonwealth immigrants were there by 1974?
1 million.
mostly from india
what is a political example of the lack of representation in highly populated immigrant areas?
in 1974 london borough council elections only had 10 non-white councillors
in 1978 had gone up to 35 but was not proportional to size
what was the 1976 second race relations act?
-tackling discrimination on the basis of race
-established commission for racial inequality which had the power to instigate investigations
what was the member population of the national front by 1976?
20,000
-britains ‘fourth largest political party’
what did the influx of national front support trigger in politics?
conservative party claiming if they were in gov they would toughen immigration policy further to limit numbers
what was the intimidation technique used by the national front?
hold marches and demonstrations in areas of particularly high immigrant populations
were often marked by violence
two murders between jan 1976 and aug 1978
constant asaults and robberies
what was the anti-national-front group created in 1977 called?
anti-nazi league
what youth sub-culture was attracted by national front activities?
skinheads
often behind the racist violence
what were anti-racist protests ?
rock against racism in 1976 as a reaction to eric clapton’s racist remarks supporting enoch powell
-huge trafalgar square demonstration/concert 1978 of 100,000
how many policmen of black or ethnic minority were in the metropolitan police force 1976?
-70 out of 22,000
constant tension between minorities and police
what happened at the 1976 notting hill carnival?
hostility turns into a riot which injured 300 and created terrible opinions of the event
what is proof of the continuing racism during the 1970s?
hostility in football shows of fans throwing banana skins or making remarks at black players, and comedians made racist jokes at eg. the black and white minstrel
when did the punk movement begin?
1975-76
-influenced by sex pistols, the clash & buzzcocks
what characterised punk beliefs?
nihilistic
rejection from society
violence is embraced
sometimes ironically nazi
what were the most violent groups during the 1970s?
skinheads, often joined the national front and partook in racist riots
football hooligans
what created greater awareness of environmentalism?
CND movements
worldwide awareness of the growing need for environmental conservation
what is an example of literature which demonstrates the growing approach of environmentalism?
watership down - rabbits forced out of their home due to a road development
