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Anaphy > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Group of cells with similar structures and function

A

Tissue

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2
Q

Study of tissues

A

Histology

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3
Q

4 Tissue types in the human body

A
  1. Epithelial
  2. Connective
  3. Muscle
  4. Nervous
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4
Q

A covering or lining tissue

A

Epithelial

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5
Q

A diverse primary tissue type that makes up part of every organ in the boy

A

Connective

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6
Q

A tissue that contracts or shortens, making movement possible

A

Muscle

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7
Q

Responsible for coordinating and controlling many body activities

A

Nervous

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8
Q

A special type of simple epithelium that appears to be falsely stratified

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

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9
Q

Included under the classification of epithelial tissue are the what glands?

A
  • Exocrine glands
  • Endocrine glands
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10
Q

Consists of a single layer of cells, with each cell extending from the basement membrane of the free surface

A

Simple epithelium

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11
Q

Consists of more than one layer of cells, but only the basal layer attaches the deepest layer to the basement membrane

A

Stratified epithelium

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12
Q

Flat or scalelike cells

A

Squamous

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13
Q

Cube-shaped cells

A

Cuboidal

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14
Q

Cells that tend to be taller than they are wide

A

Columnar cells

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15
Q

Single layer of thin, flat cells

A

Simple squamous epithelium

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16
Q

Allows for gas exchange and helps filter wastes

A

Simple squamous epithelium

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17
Q

Have a greater secretory capacity and facilitates diffusion and secretion

A

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

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18
Q

Enables you to perform secretion and produces and secretes mucus and digestive enzymes

A

Simple Columnar Epithelium

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19
Q

A special type of stratified epithelium that can be greatly stretched

A

Transitional Epithelium

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20
Q

Mechanical links that bind cells together

A

Desmosomes

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21
Q

Half desmosomes that anchor cells to the basement membrane

A

Hemidesmosomes

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22
Q

Are cell connection structures that form barriers and anchor cells to each other. (Also found in the lining of the intestines)

A

Tight junctions

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23
Q

Structures found just below the tight junctions, and help tight junctions anchor epithelial cells to each other

A

Adhesion belts

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24
Q

Are small channels that allow small molecules and ions to pass from one epithelial cell to another adjacent one

A

Gap junctions

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25
Q

Are secretory organs that secrete substances onto a surface, into a cavity, or into the bloodstream

A

Glands

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26
Q

Glands with ducts are called?

A

Exocrine glands

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27
Q

Ductless glands thag secrete their products (hormones) into the bloodstream

A

Endocrine glands

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28
Q

What are the 3 categories of exocrine glands?

A
  • Unicellular glands
  • Simple glands
  • Compound glands
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29
Q

Are composed of only a single cell

A

Unicellular glands

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30
Q

Multicellular and have a single, nonbranched duct

A

Simple glands

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31
Q

Multicellular and have several branched ducts

A

Compound glands

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32
Q

Glands with secretory regions shaped as tubules are called?

A

Tubular

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33
Q

Glands shaped in saclike structures are called?

A

Acinar or alveolar

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34
Q

Glands forming a straight tube with no branching of the secretory portion

A

Simple tubular

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35
Q

Gland with several tubular secretory portions branching from the single duct

A

Simple branched tubular

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36
Q

Glands with a single sac-like secretory portion

A

Simple acinar

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37
Q

Glands with several acinar secretory portions branching from the single duct

A

Simple branched acinar

38
Q

Glands with several acinar secretory portions branching from the single duct

A

Simple branched acinar

39
Q

Glands with multiple ducts, each with a narrow tubular secretory portion

A

Compound tubular

40
Q

Glands with multiple ducts, each with a several sac-like secretory portions

A

Compound acinar

41
Q

Glands with multiple ducts, each with several tubular and acinar secretory portions

A

Compound tubuloacinar

42
Q

This secretion involves the release of secretory products by exocytosis

A

Merocrine

43
Q

This secretion involved the release of secretory products as pinched-off fragments of the gland cells

A

Apocrine

44
Q

This secretion involves the shedding of entire cells

A

Holocrine

45
Q

Comprised of cells, protein fibers, and an extracellular matrix

A

connective tissue

46
Q

Form bones

A

Osteoblasts

47
Q

Maintains it (bone)

A

Osteocytes

48
Q

Break down of bone

A

Osteoclasts

49
Q

Cells that form fibrous connective tissue, and fibrocytes maintain it

A

Fibroblasts

50
Q

Form cartilage and chondrocytes maintain (1)

A

Chondroblasts

51
Q

Large cells that are capable of moving about and ingesting foreign substances

A

Macrophages

52
Q

Nonmotile and cells that release chemicals like histamine that promote enflammation

A

Mast cells

53
Q

Consists of non-fibrous protein and other molecules

A

Ground substance

54
Q

Very flexible but resist stretching

A

Collagen fibers

55
Q

Very fine, short collagen fibers that branch to form a supporting network

A

Reticular fibers

56
Q

Have the ability to return to their original shape after being stretched or compressed

A

Elastic fibers

57
Q

Consists of non-fibrous molecules and is shapeless

A

Ground substance

58
Q

Large molecules that consist of a protein core attached to many long polysaccharides

A

Proteoglycans

59
Q

Trap large quantities of water between them to return to their original shape when compressed or deformed

A

Proteoglycans

60
Q

2 main types of connective tissue:

A
  • Embryonic
  • Adult connective tissue
61
Q

Consists of relatively few protein fibers thay form a lacy network, with numberous spaces filled with ground substance and fluid

A

Loose connective tissue

62
Q

3 subdivisions of loose connective tissue

A
  • Areolar
  • Adipose
  • Reticular
63
Q

The msot commone cells in loose connective tissue are the?

A

Fibroblasts

64
Q

Consists of adipocytes, or fat cells, which containe large amounts of lipids for energy storage. (also used as a thermal insulator)

A

Adipose

65
Q

Forms the framework of lymphatic tissue

A

Reticular

66
Q

Has a relatively large number of protein fibers that form thick bundles and fill nearly all of the extracellular space

A

Dense connective tissue

67
Q

2 major subcategories of dense connective tissue

A
  • Collagenous
  • Elastic
68
Q

Composed of chondrocytes, located in spaces called lacunae within an extensive matrix

A

Cartilage

69
Q

Types of cartilage:

A
  • Hyaline Cartilage
  • Fibrocartilage
  • Elastic Cartilage
70
Q

A hard connective tissue that consists of living cells and a mineralized matrix

A

Bone

71
Q

Osteocytes are located within?

A

Lacunae

72
Q

Types of Bone tissue:

A
  • Spongy (has spaces and resembles a sponge)
  • Compact (solid with almost no space)
73
Q

A liquid connective tissue

A

Blood

74
Q

The formed elements of blood are:

A
  • Erythrocytes
  • Leukocytes
  • Platelets
75
Q

What is the main function of muscle tissue?

A

to contract

76
Q

Types of muscle tissue:

A
  • Skeletal muscle
  • Cardiac muscle
  • Smooth muscle
77
Q

Are striated or banded, because of the arrangement in contractile proteins within the cells

A

Skeletal muscle

78
Q

Cylindrical cells that are striated and usually have one nucleus per cell; Often branched and connected to one another

A

Cardiac muscle

79
Q

Forms the walls of hollow organs (found in skin and eyes)

A

Smooth muscle

80
Q

Responsible for moving food through the digestive tract and emptying the urinary bladder

A

Smooth muscle

81
Q

T or F:
Smooth muscle cells are tapered at each end, have a single nucleus, and are not striated

A

True

82
Q

T or F:
Smooth muscle cells are tapered at each end, have a single nucleus, and are not striated

A

True

83
Q

Nervous tissue forms the:

A
  • Brain
  • Spinal Cord
  • Nerves
84
Q

A thin sheet or layer of tissue that covers a structure or lines a cavity

A

Tissue membranes

85
Q

The skin is also termed as?

A

Cuteaneous membrane

86
Q

Line cavities that open to the outside of the body

A

Mucous membranes

87
Q

Types of tissue membranes:

A
  • Skin
  • Mucous
  • Serous
  • Synovial
88
Q

Line activities that do not open to the exterior of the body

A

Serous

89
Q

Line the cavities of freely movable joints

A

Synovial membranes

90
Q

Inflammation produces 5 major symptoms:

A
  • Redness
  • Heat
  • Swelling
  • Pain
  • Disturbance of function

Anaphy (5 decks)

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