Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anaphy > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Jelly-like substance that holds organelles (membrane bound structures inside cell)

A

Cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Also termed the plasma membrane

A

Cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

A structure that encloses the cytoplasm

A

Cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The outermost component of a cell

A

Cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Acts as a selective barrier

A

Cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The model used to describe the cell membrane structure

A

Fluid-mosaic model

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The membrane containes? (4)

A
  • Phospholipids
  • Cholesterol
  • Proteins
  • Carbohydrates
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Phospholipids form a?

A

Bilayer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Bilayers contain 2 regions which are?

A
  • Polar (hydrophilic head)
  • Nonpolar (hydrophobic tail)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The cell membrane has _____________, which allows only certain substances to pass in and out of the cell

A

Selective permeability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What substances are found in higher concentrations inside the cell? (3)

A
  • Enzymes
  • Glycogen
  • Potassium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What substances are found in higher concentrations outside the cell? (3)

A
  • Sodium
  • Calcium
  • Chloride
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What substances can pass directly through the cell membrane’s phospholipid bilayer?

A

O2 and CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Substances such as _______ require carrier molecules to transport then across the cell membrane

A

Glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Does not require the cell to expend energy

A

Passive membrane transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Does require the cell to expend energy, usually in the form of ATP

A

Active membrane transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the two major parts of a solution?

A
  • Solutes
  • Solvents
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What tends to move from an area of higher concentration of a solute to an area of lower concentration

A

Solutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Generally involves movement of substances in a solution down a concentration gradient?

A

Diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The difference in the concentration of a solute in a solvent between two points divided by the distance between the two points

A

Concentration gradient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane from a region of higher water concentration to one of lower water concentration

A

Osmosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The force required to prevent movement of water across cell membrane

A

Osmotic pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Has a lower concentration of solutes and a higher concentration of water relative to the cytoplasm of the cell

A

Hypotonic solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Water moves by ________ into the cell, causing it to swell

A

osmosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

A cell immersed in an ___________has the same solute concentrations inside and outside the cell

A

isotonic solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

In this, the cell will neither shrink nor swell

A

Isotonic solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Tye cytoplasm of a cell in a ____________ has a higher solute concentration and low water concentration

A

Hypertonic solution

28
Q

Is a carrier-mediated transport process that moves substances across the cell membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration of that substance

A

Facilitated diffusion

29
Q

Two classes of cell membrane channels

A
  • Leak channels
  • Gated channels
30
Q

What channel constantly allows ions to pass through

A

Leak channel

31
Q

Limit the movement of ions across the membrane by opening and closing

A

Gated channels

32
Q

Proteins within the cell membrane involved in facilitated diffusion

A

Carrier molecules

33
Q

Is a carrier-mediated process, requiring ATP, that moves substances across the cell membrane from regions of lower concentration to those of higher concentration against a concentration gradient

A

Active transport

34
Q

Moves Na+ out of cells and K+ into cells

A

Sodium-potassium pump

35
Q

Uses the energy provided by a concentration graduent established by the active transport of one substance, such as Na+ to transport other substances

A

Secondary Active Transport

36
Q

The diffusing substance moves in the same direction as the initial active transported substance

A

Contransport

37
Q

The diffusing substance moves in a direction opposite to that of the initial active transported substance

A

Countertransport

38
Q

A process that brings materials into cell using vesicles (enclosure)

A

Endocytosis

39
Q

Occurs when a specific substance binds to the receptor molecule and is transported into the cell

A

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

40
Q

Often used for endocytosis when solid particles are ingested

A

Phagocytosis

41
Q

Has much smaller vesicles formed, and they contain liquid rather than solid particles

A

Pinocytosis

42
Q

Involves the use of membrane-bound sacs called secretory vesicles that accumulate materials for release from the cell

A

Exocytosis

43
Q

Are specialized structures that perform certain functions

A

Organelles

44
Q

A large organelle usually located near the center of the cell

A

Nucleus

45
Q

The nucleus is bounded by a ___________, which consists of outer and inner membranes with a narrow space between them

A

Nuclear Envelope

46
Q

Containes nuclear pores, through which materials can pass into or out of the nucleus

A

Nuclear membrane

47
Q

The nucleus of human cells contains how many pairs of chromosomes?

A

23 pairs (consists of DNA and protein)

48
Q

Diffuse bodies with no surrounding membrane that are found within the nucleus

A

Nucleoli

49
Q

Organelles where proteins are produced

A

Ribosomes

50
Q

Ribosomes that are not attached to any other organelle are called?

A

Free ribosomes

51
Q

A series of membranes forming sacs & tubules that extends from the outer nuclear membrane into the cytoplasm

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

52
Q

Has attached ribosomes and is involved in protein synthesis

A

Rough ER

53
Q

Has no attached ribosomes and is a site for lipid synthesis, cellular detoxification, stores calcium ions in skeletal muscle cells

A

Smooth ER

54
Q

Consists of closely packed stacks of curved, membrane-bound sacs

A

Golgi apparatus

55
Q

It collects, modifies, packages, and distributes proteins and lipids manufactured by the ER

A

Golgi Apparatus

56
Q

contain a variety of enzymes that function as intracellular digestive systems

A

Lysosomes

57
Q

Small, membrane-bound vesicles containing enzymes that break down fatty acids, amino acids, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)

A

Peroxisomes

58
Q

Numerous folds in inner membrane

A

Cristae

59
Q

Small organelles responsible for producing considerable amounts of ATP by aerobic metabolism

A

Mitochondria

60
Q

Gives internal framework to the cell

A

Cytoskeleton

61
Q

Are small fivrils formed from protein subunits that structurally support the cytoplasm, determining cell shape

A

Microfilaments

62
Q

Hollow structures formed from protein subunits

A

Microtubules

63
Q

Fibrils formed from protein subunits that are smaller in diameter than microtubules but larger in diameter than microfilaments

A

Intermediate filaments

64
Q

A specialized area of cytoplasm close to the nucleus where microtubule formation occurs

A

Centrosome

65
Q

Cylindrical structures that extend from the cell and are composed of microtubules

A

Cilia

66
Q

Have a structure similar to that of cilia but are much longer, and they usually occur only one per cell

A

Flagella

67
Q

Specialized extensions of the cell membrane that are supported by microfilaments

A

Microvilli

Anaphy (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions