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Physics Quiz > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Electrostatics

A

is the science of stationary electric charges.

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2
Q

Electrodynamics

A

The science of electric charges in motion

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3
Q

Electromagnetism

A

Describes how electrons are given electric potential energy (voltage) and how electrons in motion creates magnetism

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4
Q

is a means of transfer- ring electric potential energy from one position to another, as in a transformer

A

Electromagnetic induction

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5
Q

The primary function of an x-ray imaging system

A

is to convert electric energy into electro- magnetic energy.

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6
Q

Electric ground

A

Earth

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7
Q

the fun- damental unit of electric charge is the

A

1 C = 6.3 × 10^18 electron charges.

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8
Q

The force of attraction between unlike charges or repulsion between like charges is attributable to the electric field.

A

electrostatic force.

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9
Q

any substance through which electrons flow easily

A

conductor

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10
Q

any material that does not allow electron flow

A

insulator

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11
Q

material that under some conditions behaves as an insulator and in other conditions behaves as a conductor.

A

semiconductor

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12
Q

He demonstrated semiconduction in 1946

A

William Shockley

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13
Q

The principal semiconductor materials are

A

silicon (Si) and germanium (Ge).

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14
Q

is the property of some materials to exhibit no resistance below a critical temperature (Tc).

A

Superconductivity

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15
Q

Superconductivity was discovered in ___ but was not developed commercially until the early ____

A

1911 ~ 1960s

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16
Q

Material of superconductor

A

Niobium
Titanium

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17
Q

Material of conductor

A

Copper
Aluminum

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18
Q

Material of semi conductor

A

Silicon
Germanium

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19
Q

Material of insulator

A

Rubber
Glass

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20
Q

all circuit elements are connected in a line along the same conductor.

A

series circuit,

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21
Q

RULES FOR SERIES CIRCUITS

A

The total resistance is equal to the sum of the individual resistances.
The current through each circuit element is the same and is equal to the total circuit current.
The sum of the voltages across each circuit element is equal to the total circuit voltage.

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22
Q

Inhibits flow of electrons

A

Resistor

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23
Q

Provides electric potential.

A

Battery

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24
Q

Momentarily stores electric charge

A

Capacitor

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25
Q

Increases or decreases voltage by fixed amount (AC only)

A

Transformer

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26
Q

Allows electrons to flow in only one direction

A

Diode

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27
Q

contains elements that are connected at their ends rather than lying in a line along a conductor.

A

parallel circuit

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28
Q

RULES FOR A PARALLEL CIRCUIT

A

The sum of the currents through each circuit element is equal to the total circuit current.
The voltage across each circuit element is the same and is equal to the total circuit voltage.
The total resistance is the inverse of the sum of the reciprocals of each individual resistance.

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29
Q

is the flow of electrons through a conductor.

A

Electric current, or electricity,

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30
Q

Current in which electrons oscillate back and forth/electrons that flow alternately in opposite directions

A

alternating current (AC).

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31
Q

These electrons can be made to flow in one direction along the conductor

A

direct current (DC).

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32
Q

Electric power is measured in

A

watts (W).

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33
Q

Common household electric appliances, such as toasters, blenders, mixers, and radios, generally require

A

500 to 1500 W of electric power.

34
Q

Light bulbs require

A

30 to 150 W of electric power.

35
Q

An x-ray imaging system requires

A

20 to 150 kW of electric power.

36
Q

The small magnet created by the electron orbit is called

A

magnetic dipole.

37
Q

An accumulation of many atomic magnets with their dipoles aligned creates a

A

magnetic domain.

38
Q

is the ability of a material to attract the lines of magnetic field intensity.

A

Magnetic permeability

39
Q

are weakly repelled by either magnetic pole.

A

Diamagnetic materials

40
Q

These are strongly attracted by a magnet and usually can be permanently magnetized by exposure to a magnetic field.

A

Ferromagnetic

41
Q

is one of the more useful magnets produced from ferromagnetic material, includes alloy, aluminum, nickel and cobalt.

A

alnico

42
Q

lie somewhere between ferromagnetic and nonmagnetic. They are very slightly attracted to a magnet and are loosely influenced by an external magnetic field.

A

Paramagnetic materials

43
Q

magnetic susceptibility.

A

The degree to which a material can be magnetized

44
Q

Unaffected by a magnetic field, wood/glass

A

Nonmagnetic

45
Q

Weakly repelled from both poles of a magnetic field, water & plastic

A

Diamagnetic

46
Q

Weakly attracted to both poles of a magnetic field, gadolinium

A

Paramagnetic

47
Q

Can be strongly magnetized, Iron, nickel, cobalt

A

Ferromagnetic

48
Q

can be made into magnets by induction.

A

Ferromagnetic

49
Q

The SI unit of magnet field strength is

A

tesla

50
Q

One tesla (T) =

A

10,000 gauss (G).

51
Q

solenoid

A

A coil of wire

52
Q

is a current-carrying coil of wire wrapped around an iron core, which intensifies the induced magnetic field.

A

An electromagnet

53
Q

His experiment demonstrated that electricity can be used to generate magnetic fields.

A

Hans Oersted

54
Q

concluded that an electric current cannot be induced in a circuit merely by the presence of a magnetic field.
He observed the current in a changing magnetic field

A

Michael Faraday

55
Q

It powers the rotating anode of an x-ray tube.

A

An induction motor

56
Q

changes the intensity of alternating voltage and current

A

transformer

57
Q

has one winding and varies both voltage and current.

A

autotransformer

58
Q

The type of transformer discussed thus far, built around a square core of ferromagnetic material, is called a

A

closed-core transformer

59
Q

This type of transformer confines even more of the magnet field lines of the primary winding because the secondary is wrapped around it and there are essentially two closed cores. This type is more efficient than the closed-core transformer. Most currently used transformers are this

A

shell-type transformer

60
Q

Four states of matter

A

Conductor, insulator, semiconductor superconductor

61
Q

Work with electric current

A

Electrical Engineer

62
Q

Concerned with electron flow

A

Physicist

63
Q

The lines of force exerted on charged ions in the tissues by electrodes

A

Electric field

64
Q

Measures electric voltage

A

Ammeter

65
Q

Measures electric potential

A

Voltmeter

66
Q

Variable resistor

A

Rheostat

67
Q

Variable resistor

A

Rheostat

68
Q

A nuclear magnetic dipole created when magnetic field is created by spinning electric charge
* the basis of MRI

A

Magnetic moment

69
Q

The small magnet created by the election orbit

A

Magnetic dipole

70
Q

An accumulation of many atomic magnets with their dipoles aligned

A

Magnetic domain

71
Q

A magnet that gets its magnetism from the earth

A

Natural magnet

72
Q

A magnet whose magnetism is induced artificially

A

Permanent magnet

73
Q

A coil or wire wrapped around an iron core that intensifies the magnetic field

A

Electromagnet

74
Q

A condition where in some materials that are very susceptible are also reluctant to lose their magnetism

A

Hysteresis

75
Q

An excellent temporary magnet

A

Soft iron

76
Q

An excellent temporary magnet

A

Soft iron

77
Q

The force of attraction between unlike poles or repulsion between like poles

A

Magnetic force

78
Q

It determines the direction of the magnetic field

A

Right hand rule

79
Q

A current carrying coil of wire wrapped around an iron core

A

Electromagnet

80
Q

A square core of ferromagnetic material built up of laminated layers of iron

A

Closed core transformer

81
Q

A current that opposes the magnetic field that induced it creating a loss of transformer efficiency

A

Eddy current

Physics Quiz (7 decks)

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