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Physics Quiz > CHAPTER 1 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 1 Flashcards

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Physics 101 flashcards AP® Physics flashcards
1
Q

Complex building blocks of matter

A

Atoms & Molecules

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2
Q

Anything that occupies space and has mass

A

Matter

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3
Q

Primary distinguishing characteristics of matter

A

Mass

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4
Q

-Described by its energy equivalence
-measured in kg

A

Mass

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5
Q

-The force exerted on a body under the influence of gravity
-measured in pounds

A

Weight

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6
Q

A kg is equal to?

A

1000 grams

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7
Q

Kilo stands for?

A

1000

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8
Q

SI unit of energy

A

Joules

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9
Q

Ability to do work, by virtue of position

A

Potential energy

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10
Q

Energy released by a chemical reaction

A

Chemical energy

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11
Q

Represents the work that can be done when an electron moves through an electric potential difference

A

Electrical Energy

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12
Q

-Energy in motion at the molecular level
-kinetic energy of molecules & is closely related to temperature

A

Thermal energy

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13
Q

-least familiar form of energy
-type of energy used in xray imaging
-does not include sound or diagnostic ultrasound

A

Electromagnetic Energy

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14
Q

Electromagnetic energy includes: ?

A

Radiowaves, microwaves, ultraviolet, infrared light & visible light

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15
Q

Radiation

A

-transfer of energy
-energy emitted and transferred through space

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16
Q

Form of electromagnetic energy, radiated by the sun and is electromagnetic radiation

A

Visible light

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17
Q

Matter that intercepts radiation and absorbs part or all of it

A

Irradiated

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18
Q

Type of radiation that causes sunburn

A

Ultraviolet light

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19
Q

-special type of radiation that includes xray
-any type of radiation that is capable of removing an orbital electron from the atom with which it interacts

A

Ionizing radiation

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20
Q

The orbital electron & the atom from which it was separated are called?

A

Ion pair

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21
Q

Electromagnetic radiation with sufficient energy to ionize

A

Xrays, Gamma Rays, Ultraviolet light

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22
Q

Particle type ionizing radiation

A

Alpha and Beta Particles
Sometimes called rays

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23
Q

Natural environmental radiation results in an annual dose of?

A

3 mSv

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24
Q

Man-made radiation results in how many dose annually?

A

3.2 mSv

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25
Q

It is used to express radiation exposure of populations and radiation risk in those populations.

A

-unit of effective dose
-msv

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26
Q

Natural environmental radiation consists of four components:

A

cosmic rays, terrestrial radiation, inter- nally deposited radionuclides, and radon.

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27
Q

are particulate and electromagnetic radiation emitted by the sun and stars.

A

Cosmic rays

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28
Q

results from deposits of uranium, thorium, and other radionuclides in the Earth.

A

Terrestrial radiation

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29
Q

-is a radioactive gas that is produced by the natural radioactive decay of uranium, which is present in trace quantities in the Earth. All Earth-based materials, such as concrete, bricks, and gypsum wall- board, contain this

-The largest source of natural environmental radiation

A

Radon

30
Q

emits alpha particles, which are not penetrating, and therefore contributes a radiation dose only to the lung.

A

Radon

31
Q

constitute the largest man-made source of ionizing radiation (3.2 mSv/yr)

A

Diagnostic xrays

32
Q

The currently accepted approximate annual dose resulting from medical applications of ionizing radia- tion is

A

3.2 mSv

33
Q

uses film or a solid-state image receptor and usually an x-ray tube mounted from the ceiling on a track that allows the tube to be moved in any direc- tion.

A

Radiography

34
Q

is usually conducted with an x-ray tube located under the examination table. The radiologist is provided with moving images on a television monitor or flat panel display.

A

Fluoroscopy

35
Q

uses a rotating x-ray source and detector array. A volume of data is acquired so that fixed images can be reconstructed in any anatomical plane—coronal, sagittal, transverse, or oblique.

A

Computed tomography

36
Q

X-ray voltages are measured in

A

Kilovolt peak/ KVP

37
Q

X-ray currents are measured in

A

MilliAmpere

38
Q

Michael Pupin

A

Demonstrated the use of intensifying screen on 1896

39
Q

Charles Leonard

A

Double emulsion film on 1904

40
Q

Thomas Edison

A

Fluoroscopy, 1898

41
Q

Clarence Dally

A

1st xray fatality, 1904

42
Q

William Rollins

A

Collimation & Filtration

43
Q

HC Snook

A

Interruptless transformer, 1907

44
Q

William D. Collidge

A

Hot cathode xray tube, 1913

45
Q

Gustav Bucky

A

Glitterblende, 1913

46
Q

H Potter

A

Moving grid, 1915

47
Q

Potter Bucky Grid

A

1921

48
Q

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) became an accepted modality in the

A

1980

49
Q

Metal filters, usually aluminum or copper, are inserted into the x-ray tube housing so that low-energy x-rays are absorbed before they reach the patient. These x-rays have little diagnostic value.

A

Filtration

50
Q

-restricts the useful x-ray beam to that part of the body to be imaged and thereby spares adjacent tissue from unnecessary radiation exposure.
-also reduces scatter radiation and thus improves image contrast.

A

Collimation

51
Q

is based on the vibration of atoms of cesium.

A

Seconds

52
Q

is a segment of physics that deals with objects at rest (statics) and objects in motion (dynamics).

A

Mechanics

53
Q

some- times called speed, is a measure of how fast something is moving or, more precisely, the rate of change of its position with time.

A

Velocity

54
Q

The rate of change of velocity with time

A

Acceleration

55
Q

is a force on a body caused by the pull of gravity on it.

A

Weight

56
Q

-the product of mass and velocity.
-represented by p

A

Momentum

57
Q

-the rate of doing work.
-quotient of work by time

A

Power

58
Q

the product (multiplication) of force and distance.

A

Work

59
Q

British unit of power is the

A

Horse power/hp

60
Q

-the kinetic energy of the random motion of molecules.
-form of energy that is very important to radio- logic technologists.

A

Heat

61
Q

unit of heat

A

Calorie

62
Q

is the transfer of heat through a material or by touching. Molecular motion from a high- temperature object that touches a lower-temperature object equalizes the temperature of both.

A

Conduction

63
Q

the mechanical transfer of “hot” molecules in a gas or liquid from one place to another.

A

Convection

64
Q

is the transfer of heat by the emission of infrared radiation.

A

Thermal Radiation

65
Q

The three scales that have been developed to measure temperature are

A

Celsius (°C), Fahrenheit (°F), and Kelvin (K)

66
Q

Magnetic resonance imaging with a superconducting magnet requires extremely cold liquids called

A

Cryogens

67
Q

two cryogens that are used.

A

Liquid nitrogen, which boils at 77 K, and liquid helium, which boils at 4 K,

68
Q

-the unit of radiation exposure.
-the kinetic energy transferred from photons to electrons during ionization and excitation.

A

Air Kerma

69
Q

is the radiation energy absorbed per unit mass

A

Absorbed Dose (Gyt)

70
Q

used to express the quantity of radiation received by radiation workers and populations.

A

Effective Dose, Sievert (Sv).

71
Q

is the unit of quantity of radioactive material, not the radiation emitted by that material.

A

Radioactivity, Becquerel (Bq).

72
Q

A substitute for the glass plate in xray

A

Cellulose nitrate

Physics Quiz (7 decks)

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