Chapter 4

Question 1

What makes a pesticide product usable

Answer 1

It must be reasonably easy and sufficiently safe to handle, in a form that can be applied in a way to reach pests and chemically stable to be able to be stored and used efficiently

Question 2

Active ingredient (a.i.)

Answer 2

The compound of substance that actually controls the pest, often too strong by itself or in wrong form

Question 3

Inert ingredients

Answer 3

Extra ingredients that make product usable but may not directly contribute to controlling the pest- ex water to help it be sprayed.

Question 4

Formulation

Answer 4

The result when an active ingredient and inert ingredients are mixed

Question 5

Pesticide trade/brand/product name and where you can find it

Answer 5

The name a manufacturer uses to advertise the product to customers. It will be prominent on the front of the bottle or label Ex: Deep Woods OFF

Question 6

Pesticide Chemical name and where you can find it

Answer 6

The name that identifies the chemical compounds and structure of the active ingredients. It can be found in the ingredient statement on the front panel of the label. Not usually used bc it can be long EX:N,N-diethyl-meta-tolumide

Question 7

Pesticide common name

Answer 7

Used as a shorthand for the complicated chemical name, must be accepted by the US EPA to be used in the ingredient statement on the label. EX: DEET

Question 8

Why might products with the same active ingredients OR trade name differ

Answer 8

There can be many products containing the same active ingredient but have different formulations (amounts of active ingredient, other active ingredients or labeled uses)
The products with the same trade name can also be different as companies can make many different formulations each with a slightly different purpose. These slight differences means you have to read the label carefully to ensure the best product for what you want

Question 9

Solution

Answer 9

When a substance is dissolved in a liquid, and cannot be mechanically separated once mixed. EX salt in water

Question 10

Suspension

Answer 10

The substance is not dissolved in liquid, but finely divided and dispersed, mixture must be agitated frequently. EX chocolate powder and milk

Question 11

Emulsion

Answer 11

When one liquid is dispersed in another, liquids do not interact (aka they keep their original identity) and must be agitated to keep from separating. Ex oil and vinegar

Question 12

Emulsifiable Concentrated (EC or E) definition and pros/cons

Answer 12

Formulation contains one or more petroleum based solvents and an emulsifying agent that allows it to be mixed with water, usually 25-27% AI
Pros: very versatile, easy to handle, transport, store and require little agitation. They do not clog sprayers or leave residue
Cons: High concentration of AI makes it easy to under/overdose through mixing or calibration errors. Can be flammable or corrosive, and easy absorbed into skin

Question 13

Solution (S) ?

Question 14

Wettable Powders (WP or P) definition and Pros/cons

Answer 14

Dry, finely ground dusts that must be mixed with water to be able to spray, 5-95% AI (usually over 50% tho)
Pros: Versatile, can remain active on surfaces a long time, easy to handle and transport, and less likely to get absorbed than others
Cons: greater inhalation and skin exposure risk when mixing, hard to mix and need constant agitation, abrasive to pumps and can leave residue

Question 15

Soluble Powders (SP) definition and pros/cons

Answer 15

Also a dry powder, but are able to be dissolved into water to spray, 15-95% AI (usually more than 50%). Fairly uncommon as most active ingredients can be dissolved in water
Pros: Versatile, can remain active on surfaces a long time, easy to handle and transport, and less likely to get absorbed than others
Cons: increased risk or inhalation or skin exposure while mixing

Question 16

Flowables (F or L) definition and pros/cons