Chapter 3

Question 1

Where do we derive pesticides from

Answer 1

From our physical environment: minerals like sulfur, copper, diatomaceous earth; living organisms like secondary metabolites from plants nicotine, rotenone, etc; Insect hormones and pheromones; microorganisms like Bt that produce a toxin. Or we manufacture them, synthetically making a safer or more effective variation.

Question 2

What are antifouling paints used against

Answer 2

algae and mollusks on submerged surfaces

Question 3

What are avicides used against

Answer 3

birds :(

Question 4

What are bactericides used against

Answer 4

Bacteria (like plant-pathogenic)

Question 5

What are antimicrobials/disinfectants used against

Answer 5

Microorganisms that can cause disease in humans or dirty man made items

Question 6

What are fumigants used against

Answer 6

Most pests that are in a confined area (rats, bees)

Question 7

What are fungicides used against

Answer 7

Fungi

Question 8

What are insecticides used against

Answer 8

Insects and closely related arthropods

Question 9

What are herbicides used against

Answer 9

Weeds (including herbaceous, woody and aquatic plants)

Question 10

What are miticides (acaricides) used against

Answer 10

Mites and sometimes ticks

Question 11

What are molluscicides used against

Answer 11

Snails and slugs :(

Question 12

What are nematicides used against

Answer 12

nematodes

Question 13

What are predacides used against

Answer 13

Vertebrate predators

Question 14

What are piscicides used agaisnt

Answer 14

Fish

Question 15

What are repellents used against

Answer 15

Insects, birds, and mammals

Question 16

What are rodenticides used against

Answer 16

Rats and mice

Question 17

What are wood preservatives used against

Answer 17

Fungi, bacteria and insects that feed on wood products

Question 18

What are defoliants used against

Answer 18

Plants (causes leaves to drop)

Question 19

What are desiccants used against

Answer 19

Plants (causes them to dry up)

Question 20

What are growth regulators used against

Answer 20

Insects and plants (by altering growth and development)

Question 21

Mode of action

Answer 21

The way the pesticides acts on a pest, as there are differences in how they enter a pest and disrupt them

Question 22

How can pesticides used against insects differ

Answer 22

They can differ by duration by being either residual or nonresidual, or the uptake by the insect- contact, stomach poison, or systemic

Question 23

Residual insecticides

Answer 23

After application, these can remain active for hours to weeks to months. This is useful for pests that are a constant threat and the pesticide will pose little threat to people

Question 24

Nonresidual insecticides

Answer 24

After application, these are only effective during and a short time after. This is useful when there are pests active in the area at the time of application, and unlikely to return.

Question 25

Contact Insecticide

Answer 25

Kills insects when it comes into direct contact with it

Question 26

Stomach poison insecticide

Answer 26

Only effective if swallowed by the insect, if it feeds on the treated plant or bait.

Question 27

Systemic Insecticides

Answer 27

certain kind of stomach poison that spreads throughout the entire plant or animal and the insect dies when it feeds on any part of them

Question 28

How can pesticides against weeds differ

Answer 28

Uptake by plant or selectivity

Question 29

contact herbicide

Answer 29

Kills plant tissue in the immediate area application of where it was absorbed into the topgrowth. Helps control annual and biennials

Question 30

Systemic herbicide

Answer 30

Kills established perennials because after it is absorbed it spreads throughout the entire plant including the underground structures

Question 31

Selective (narrow-spectrum) herbicide

Answer 31

Kill some plants but not others. Useful in places where weeds grow along with desirable plants- usually broadleaf plants or grasses

Question 32

Nonselective (broad-spectrum) herbicide

Answer 32

Kill any plant they come into contact with. Useful for places where no plants are wanted (parking lots, industrial sites, etc)

Question 33

Protectant fungicide

Answer 33

Prevent fungi from growing/infecting a plant. Must be applied before disease starts, thoroughly and regularly

Question 34

Systemic or eradicant fungicides

Answer 34

Enter and move within a plant to control existing infections

Question 35

Acute rodenticide

Answer 35

Can kill a rat or mouse in a single feeding

Question 36

Multidose anticoagulant rodenticide

Answer 36

Takes multiple instances of feeding to kill a rat or mouse. Pros are that it is less toxic so its safter for kids/pets and rodents are less suspicious of them (as there aren’t the bodies of their friends laying around)

Question 37

Pesticide-impregnated materials

Answer 37

When pesticides are incorporated into or onto other products to make them easier to apply or more effective

Question 38

Examples of Pesticide-impregnated materials and what they are for

Answer 38

-treated seeds for fungi to protect the developing seedling in the soil
-Weed n feed lawn care products, these have fertilizer and herbicides
-Livestock ear tags/ pet flea and tick collars contain insecticides that spread through the animals skin to protect them
-Treated lumber is used to protect against fungi and insects

Question 39

Where on a pesticide label will it say what type of pesticide it is

Answer 39

It should be prominent on the name/label but if not then there may be pictures of the pests, or you can look at the “general information” or “directions for use”