Chapter 4 Flashcards
A Psychologists Toolbox
true experiment
when the researcher manipulates all of the independent variables. (experience differs between groups)
quasi-independent variable
variables treated as if they were independent variables. (ex. gender)
quasi-experimental designs
experiments where the independent variable cannot be manipulated and things can’t be randomly assigned.
self-report
directly asking participants. (participants receive first hand information, but not always accurate)
social desirability
participants give answers they think will make them look good. (to minimize this, researchers ensure confidentiality)
demand characteristics
cues that might tell participants what the experiment is about.
retrospective bias
participants viewing past events in an inaccurate way.
behavioural measure
measuring actions.
behavioural trace
measurement of behaviour based on evidence left behind by participants.
quasi independent variable
a pre-existing variable that’s often a characteristic of an individual.
factorial design
looking at how multiple factors affect a variable.
quasi experimental design
aims to find a cause-and-affect answer.
participant reactivity
when participants know they’re being watched.
ceiling effect
when all participants score high so a test is hard to measure.
what does a script do
minimizes bias.
