Chapter 3 Flashcards
Ethics and Open Science
utilitarian perspective
the perspective, the ethical decisions should be based on doing the greatest good for the greatest number of people.
ethics
the application of moral principles to help guide on decisions and behaviour.
altruistic perspective
the perspective, the ethical decision should be based on helping without personal benefit.
egoism
the perspective that ethical decisions should be based on acting in accordance with one’s own self interest.
cost-benefit analysis
systematic process in which a researcher weighs all the potential and known benefits against all the potential unknown risks before conducting a study.
beneficence
actively promoting the welfare of others; an ethical obligation to maximize been benefits in research studies.
nonmaleficence
do you no harm; an ethical obligation to mitigate or eliminate risks to study participants.
loss of confidentiality
failure to protect the privacy of individuals; a potential risk to participants.
anonymity
guarantee in research studies the individual responses cannot be linked back to individual participants.
physical harm
a physical toll that study participation may have; a potential risk to participants.
psychological harm
a psychological tool that study participants may have, such as stress, negative emotions, or loss of self-esteem; a potential risk to participants.
cost of not doing the research
considering the potential beneficial application of study findings when doing a cost benefit analysis.
justice
fairness in selecting study participants in determining which participants receive the benefits of participation and which bear of the burden of risk.
clinical equipoise
uncertainty as to which of two treatment options is more beneficial when conducting a study.
autonomy
freely making an informed decision about participation in research.
