Chapter 4

Question 1

Absolute zero

Answer 1

The point of the kelvin scale where molecules have no kinetic energy. -273 degrees C

Question 2

Heat

Answer 2

Measures the total kinetic energy of the molecules in a mass of gas.

Question 3

1 atmosphere (atm)

Answer 3

The average pressure of the atmosphere at sea level is about 101355 Pa or 101 kPa (kilopascals)

Question 4

Adiabatic

Answer 4

The rise if air rises rapidly enough, it may neither gain nor lose heat.

Question 5

Adiabatic lapse rate

Answer 5

The rate of cooling as rising air cools.

Question 6

Karman Line

Answer 6

Upper limit of national airspace. 100 km above earth.

Question 7

Mesopause

Answer 7

Atmosphere 80 km above the Earth’s surface with temperature falls to a minimum

Question 8

Thermosphere

Answer 8

Above the Mesopause. Both are parts of the ionosphere where solar radiation removes electrons from atoms and molecules, producing charged ions. Aurora borealis is produced in the thermosphere.

Question 9

Stratopause

Answer 9

Below 50 km above the Earth’s surface. Oxygen and ozone high enough to trap incoming ultraviolet radiation. Temperature is similar to Earth’s surface.

Question 10

Mesosphere

Answer 10

Stratopause is at the base of the mesosphere .

Question 11

Troposphere

Answer 11

Bottom part of the atmosphere and is heated from below. . Temperature decreases upward to a boundary about 10-15 km above land or ocean surface, known as tropopause. Almost all weather occurs in troposphere.

Question 12

Dalton’s Law of partial pressures

Answer 12

States that the total pressure of the mixed gas is the sum of the partial pressures of each gas in the mixture.

Question 13

Nitrogen

Answer 13

Most abundant gas in Earth’s atmosphere. Mostly unreactive.

Question 14

Oxygen

Answer 14

Represents 21% of Earth’s atmosphere. Essential to all animal life and many plants.

Question 15

Ozone

Answer 15

O3. forms by the action of ultraviolet radiation on oxygen in the atmosphere.

Question 16

Saturation vapour pressure

Answer 16

the maximum amount of water that can exist in the air if it’s in equilibrium with liquid water or (below freezing) with solid ice.

Question 17

Argon

Answer 17

4th most abundant component in atmosphere. It is inert.

Question 18

Aerosols

Answer 18

Small solid particles and liquid drops in the Atmosphere.

Question 19

Equilibrium

Answer 19

State reached when the rate transfer of molecules is the same in each direction.

Question 20

Dew Point

Answer 20

The temperature that is cold enough for a deposit of water, know as dew, to form on exposed surfaces.

Question 21

Nucleation energy

Answer 21

Extra energy taken out to achieve the first condensation of a very small water drop.

Question 22

Clouds

Answer 22

Formed by aerosol typically scatter the light. If there is more than one drop per cubic millimetre of Atmosphere, frequent collisions between droplets form larger droplets and those raindrops fall as rain.