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intro to biology > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The outside of this organelle is surrounded by a double layer of _____

A

membrane

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2
Q

6CO2 + 6H20 —> C6H12O6 is the chemical equation for

A

photosynthesis

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3
Q

in which of the following organelles does photosynthesis take place

A

chloroplasts

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4
Q

the food you eat is processed during cellular respiration to produce stored chemical energy in the form of _____ with _____ and _____ as by-products

A

ATP, CO2, water

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5
Q

glycolysis —> acetyl CoA —> citric acid cycle —> electron transport chain is the

A

sequence of steps as energy is extracted from glucose during cellular respiration

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6
Q

C6H12O6 + 6O2 —> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP energy is the chemical equation for

A

cellular respiration

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7
Q

what process takes place in the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell

A

glycolysis

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8
Q

the breakdown of glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid, takes place in the cytosol, outside the mitochondria

A

glycolysis

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9
Q

in what organelle would you find acetyl CoA formation, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain?

A

mitochondrion

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10
Q

all steps of cellular respiration except _____ takes place in the mitochondrion

A

glycolysis

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11
Q

this process produces some ATP and carbon dioxide in the mitochondrion.

A

the citric acid cycle

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12
Q

this process uses energy captured from electrons flowing to oxygen to produce most of the ATPs in cellular respiration

A

electron transport chain

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13
Q

what kinda of molecules can be used as metabolic fuel to produce ATP

A

sugars, amino acids, and fatty acids

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14
Q

how does yeast make bread dough rise

A

yeast cells produce CO2

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15
Q

the fusing of substances with the cell membrane will form vesicles that can be taken inside the cell

A

endocytosis

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16
Q

to force molecules to go against concentration gradient which is energizing the transport protein

A

active transport

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17
Q

the nucleus is surrounded by a double membrane also called the

A

nuclear envelope

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18
Q

contains enzymes that produce lipids

A

the smooth ER

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19
Q

contains ribosomes that produce many kinds of proteins

A

Rough ER

20
Q

the ____ finishes products in vesicles, small bubbles made of membranes

A

golgi apparatus

21
Q

type of vesicle that contains digestive enzymes and can dissolve large food molecules, old cellular components, or invasive organisms such as bacteria

A

lysosomes

22
Q

_____ require a supply of water and carbon dioxide

A

chloroplasts

23
Q

_____ uses oxygen to harvest energy from molecules of sugar

A

cellular respiration

24
Q

the harvested energy in cellular respiration is stored as chemical energy in molecules of

A

ATP

25
Q

_____ function in the general maintenance of the cell and are intercellular sacs

A

vacuoles

26
Q

_____ propel the cell through their whip like motion

A

flagella

27
Q

move in a coordinated back and forth motion

A

ciloa

28
Q

the energy an object has due to its location or structure

A

potential energy

29
Q

energy of motion

A

kinetic energy

30
Q

a by product of energy conversion

A

heat

31
Q

the amount of disorder in a system

A

entropy

32
Q

_____ can absorb the suns energy and convert it into chemical energy

A

producers

33
Q

plants and algae produce _____ as a by product

A

oxygen gas

34
Q

_____ obtain energy by eating producers

A

consumers

35
Q

in _____ O2 travels from lungs to mitochondria, food travels from digestive system to the mitochondria, and CO2 leaves the cell and is expelled from the lungs

A

aerobic respiration

36
Q

the amount of chemical energy store in food of the amount of energy burned is called

A

calorie

37
Q

C6H12O6

A

glucose

38
Q

cellular respiration uses _____ to burn sugar

A

O2

39
Q

three stages of cellular respiration

A

glycolysis, citric acid cycle, electron transport chain

40
Q

takes place in the cytoplasm, splits glucose into 2 pyruvic acids, 2 ATP used, 4 ATP produced, 2 NADH produced

A

glycolysis

41
Q

takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria, pyruvic acid is broken down to CO2, 6 NADH and 2 FADH produced, and small amount of ATP produced

A

citric acid cycle

42
Q

takes place in the inner membranes of mitochondria, high energy electrons move through the chain, electrons combine with O2 to form H2O which makes O2 the final electron acceptor, lots of ATP produced

A

electron transport chain

43
Q

an anaerobic process where energy is harvested from sugar without oxygen

A

fermentation

44
Q

an anaerobic process where energy is harvested from sugar without oxygen

A

fermentation

45
Q

when cells can’t get O2 _____ is an emergency mode

A

lactic acid fermentation

46
Q

central hub of many of life’s metabolic processes

A

cellular respiration

intro to biology (4 decks)

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