Chapter 4

Question 1

Consciousness

Answer 1

Persons awareness of everything around them

Question 2

Waking state of consciousness

Answer 2

Thoughts, feelings, and sensations are clear and organized and the person feels alert

Question 3

Altered state of consciousness

Answer 3

There is a shift in the quality or patterns of mental activity as compared to waking consciousness

Question 4

Circadian rhythm

Answer 4

Sleep-wake cycle of bodily rhythm that occurs over a 24 hr period controlled by hypothalamus

Question 5

Sleep deprivation

Answer 5

Any significant loss of sleep resulting in issues in concentration and irritability (acute or chronic)

Question 6

Microsleep

Answer 6

Brief lapses into sleep that only last a few seconds

Question 7

Adaptive theory

Answer 7

Animals and humans evolved sleep patterns to avoid predators by sleeping when predators are most active

Question 8

Restorative theory

Answer 8

Sleep is necessary for the physical health of the body and replenishes chemicals and repairs cellular damage

Question 9

Rapid eye movement sleep (REM)

Answer 9

Stage of sleep in which eyes move rapidly under eyelids, person is typically dreaming, and voluntary muscles are inhibited

Question 10

Non-rapid eye movement sleep (nREM)

Answer 10

Any sleep stage that does not include REM

Question 11

Beta waves

Answer 11

Small, fast waves that indicate most mental activity as someones in waking state of consciousness

Question 12

Alpha waves

Answer 12

Waves present as someone gets more relaxed or drowsy

Question 13

nREM 1

Answer 13

Light sleep as muscle activity slows; theta waves

Question 14

nREM 2

Answer 14

Muscle activity and temp continue lowering; theta waves and sleep spindles (brief bursts of activity)

Question 15

nREM 3

Answer 15

Deep sleep when growth hormones are released; slow, large delta waves

Question 16

REM behavior disorder

Answer 16

Rare disorder where mechanism that blocks the movement of the voluntary muscles fail, allowing the person to thrash around and even get up and act out nightmares

Question 17

Sleep paralysis

Answer 17

Inability of voluntary muscles to move during REM sleep

Question 18

REM rebound

Answer 18

Increased amounts of REM sleep after being deprived it

Question 19

Nightmares

Answer 19

Bad dreams occurring during REM sleep

Question 20

Night terrors

Answer 20

Disorder with extreme fear, screams, or running around during deep nREM sleep without waking fully

Question 21

Insomnia

Answer 21

Inability to fall or stay asleep

Question 22

Sleep apnea

Answer 22

When someone stops breathing for 10+ secs during sleep

Question 23

Narcolepsy

Answer 23

Person falls immediately into REM sleep during day without warning

Question 24

Sleepwalking/somnambulism

Answer 24

Moving around or walking during deep sleep

Question 25

Hypersomnia

Answer 25

Excessive daytime sleepiness

Question 26

Enuresis

Answer 26

Urinating while asleep in bed

Question 27

Freud's dream theory

Answer 27

Conflicts, events, and desires of the past are symbolized in dreams

Question 28

Manifest dream content

Answer 28

What’s actually happening in dream

Question 29

Latent dream content

Answer 29

Deeper underlying meaning of dream

Question 30

Activation synthesis hypothesis

Answer 30

Dreams are created by higher centers of cortex that explain brain activity during REM

Question 31

Activation information mode model (AIM)

Answer 31

Revised version of activation synthesis hypothesis stating that info that’s accessed during waking hours can have an influence on synthesis of dreams

Question 32

Psychoactive drug

Answer 32

Chemical substance that alters thinking, percpetion, or memory

Question 33

Physical dependence

Answer 33

When bodys unable to function normally w/o drug

Question 34

Tolerance

Answer 34

Increased amount of drug needed to feel effects of drug

Question 35

Withdrawl

Answer 35

Phycsial symptom from lack of drug

Question 36

Psychological dependence

Answer 36

Emotional symptoms caused by lack of drug

Question 37

Heroin

Answer 37

Schedule 1 opioid; causes calming, sleepiness, confusion, euphoria, slowed or stopped breathing, nausea, vomiting, constipation, or physical damage of the brain

Question 38

Nicotine

Answer 38

Stimulant; dopamine release, increased blood pressure, breathing, and heart rate, and increase cancer risk

Question 39

MDMA (Ecstasy)

Answer 39

Stimulant/psychedelic; immediate enjoyable feeling, release of dopamine/serotonin, disrupts hippocampus (memory)

Question 40

Cocaine

Answer 40

Schedule 2 stimulant; increased energy/alertness, euphoria, energy, power, and pleasure, deadens pain, suppresses appetite, mood swings, depression, paranoia, tiredness, and nervousness

Question 41

Alcohol

Answer 41

Depressant; memory loss, discoordination, and irrational behavior

Question 42

Methamphetamine

Answer 42

Stimulant; decreased appetite, weight loss, heightened blood pressure/heartrate, anxiety

Question 43

Caffeine

Answer 43

Stimulant; increased alertness, heart rate, blood pressure, anxiety, and jitters

Question 44

Fentanyl

Answer 44

Schedule 2 opiod; extreme happiness, drowsiness, nausea, confusion, constipation, sedation, respiratory issues, and unconsciousness

Question 45

LSD

Answer 45

Schedule 1 hallucinogen/psychedelic; floating euphoric emotional, and increased heart rate, blood pressure, and body temperature, dilated pupils and sweating/chills

Question 46

Marijuana

Answer 46

Schedule 1 stimulant AND depressant; decreased bodily functions, lung irritation, alerted senses