Chapter 4 Flashcards

Consciousness

1
Q

Consciousness

A

Persons awareness of everything around them

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2
Q

Waking state of consciousness

A

Thoughts, feelings, and sensations are clear and organized and the person feels alert

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3
Q

Altered state of consciousness

A

There is a shift in the quality or patterns of mental activity as compared to waking consciousness

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4
Q

Circadian rhythm

A

Sleep-wake cycle of bodily rhythm that occurs over a 24 hr period controlled by hypothalamus

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5
Q

Sleep deprivation

A

Any significant loss of sleep resulting in issues in concentration and irritability (acute or chronic)

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6
Q

Microsleep

A

Brief lapses into sleep that only last a few seconds

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7
Q

Adaptive theory

A

Animals and humans evolved sleep patterns to avoid predators by sleeping when predators are most active

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8
Q

Restorative theory

A

Sleep is necessary for the physical health of the body and replenishes chemicals and repairs cellular damage

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9
Q

Rapid eye movement sleep (REM)

A

Stage of sleep in which eyes move rapidly under eyelids, person is typically dreaming, and voluntary muscles are inhibited

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10
Q

Non-rapid eye movement sleep (nREM)

A

Any sleep stage that does not include REM

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11
Q

Beta waves

A

Small, fast waves that indicate most mental activity as someones in waking state of consciousness

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12
Q

Alpha waves

A

Waves present as someone gets more relaxed or drowsy

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13
Q

nREM 1

A

Light sleep as muscle activity slows; theta waves

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14
Q

nREM 2

A

Muscle activity and temp continue lowering; theta waves and sleep spindles (brief bursts of activity)

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15
Q

nREM 3

A

Deep sleep when growth hormones are released; slow, large delta waves

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16
Q

REM behavior disorder

A

Rare disorder where mechanism that blocks the movement of the voluntary muscles fail, allowing the person to thrash around and even get up and act out nightmares

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17
Q

Sleep paralysis

A

Inability of voluntary muscles to move during REM sleep

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18
Q

REM rebound

A

Increased amounts of REM sleep after being deprived it

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19
Q

Nightmares

A

Bad dreams occurring during REM sleep

20
Q

Night terrors

A

Disorder with extreme fear, screams, or running around during deep nREM sleep without waking fully

21
Q

Insomnia

A

Inability to fall or stay asleep

22
Q

Sleep apnea

A

When someone stops breathing for 10+ secs during sleep

23
Q

Narcolepsy

A

Person falls immediately into REM sleep during day without warning

24
Q

Sleepwalking/somnambulism

A

Moving around or walking during deep sleep

25
Hypersomnia
Excessive daytime sleepiness
26
Enuresis
Urinating while asleep in bed
27
Freud's dream theory
Conflicts, events, and desires of the past are symbolized in dreams
28
Manifest dream content
What’s actually happening in dream
29
Latent dream content
Deeper underlying meaning of dream
30
Activation synthesis hypothesis
Dreams are created by higher centers of cortex that explain brain activity during REM
31
Activation information mode model (AIM)
Revised version of activation synthesis hypothesis stating that info that’s accessed during waking hours can have an influence on synthesis of dreams
32
Psychoactive drug
Chemical substance that alters thinking, percpetion, or memory
33
Physical dependence
When bodys unable to function normally w/o drug
34
Tolerance
Increased amount of drug needed to feel effects of drug
35
Withdrawl
Phycsial symptom from lack of drug
36
Psychological dependence
Emotional symptoms caused by lack of drug
37
Heroin
Schedule 1 opioid; causes calming, sleepiness, confusion, euphoria, slowed or stopped breathing, nausea, vomiting, constipation, or physical damage of the brain
38
Nicotine
Stimulant; dopamine release, increased blood pressure, breathing, and heart rate, and increase cancer risk
39
MDMA (Ecstasy)
Stimulant/psychedelic; immediate enjoyable feeling, release of dopamine/serotonin, disrupts hippocampus (memory)
40
Cocaine
Schedule 2 stimulant; increased energy/alertness, euphoria, energy, power, and pleasure, deadens pain, suppresses appetite, mood swings, depression, paranoia, tiredness, and nervousness
41
Alcohol
Depressant; memory loss, discoordination, and irrational behavior
42
Methamphetamine
Stimulant; decreased appetite, weight loss, heightened blood pressure/heartrate, anxiety
43
Caffeine
Stimulant; increased alertness, heart rate, blood pressure, anxiety, and jitters
44
Fentanyl
Schedule 2 opiod; extreme happiness, drowsiness, nausea, confusion, constipation, sedation, respiratory issues, and unconsciousness
45
LSD
Schedule 1 hallucinogen/psychedelic; floating euphoric emotional, and increased heart rate, blood pressure, and body temperature, dilated pupils and sweating/chills
46
Marijuana
Schedule 1 stimulant AND depressant; decreased bodily functions, lung irritation, alerted senses