Chapter 2

Question 1

Central nervous system

Answer 1

Brain and spinal cord

Question 2

Peripheral nervous system

Answer 2

Transmits info to and from the CNS

Question 3

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 3

Automatically regulates glands and organs

Question 4

Somatic nervous system

Answer 4

Controls voluntary movement of muscles

Question 5

Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 5

Maintains body’s ordinary, calm conditions

Question 6

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer 6

Preps body for stress, anxiety, and arousal

Question 7

Neuron

Answer 7

Basic cell that makes up the nervous system and receives/sends messages within that system

Question 8

Soma

Answer 8

Cell body responsible for maintaining life of cell

Question 9

Dendrite

Answer 9

Receives messages form other neurons

Question 10

Axon

Answer 10

Sends messages to other neurons

Question 11

Myelin sheath

Answer 11

Encases axon and speeds up electrical impulse

Question 12

Axon terminal

Answer 12

Enlarged ends of axonal branches containing synaptic vesicles used to communicate

Question 13

Nodes of Ranvier

Answer 13

Gaps between the myelin sheaths

Question 14

Afferent neuron

Answer 14

Sensory euron that carries info from senses to CNS

Question 15

Efferent neuron

Answer 15

Motor neuron that carries messages from CNS to muscles/glands

Question 16

Interneuron

Answer 16

Neuron in center of spinal cord that receive info from afferent neurons and connects to efferent neuron to send messages to muscles

Question 17

Glial cell

Answer 17

Cells that provide support for neurons to grow, deliver nutrients, produce myelin, clean up waste/dead neurons, influence info processing, and influence generation of new neurons during prenatal development

Question 18

Electrostatic pressure

Answer 18

Relative balance of electrical charges when ions are at rest

Question 19

Resting potential

Answer 19

State of neuron when not firing a neural impulse; is electrically charged

Question 20

Action potential

Answer 20

Release of neural impluse, consisting of a reversal of the electrical charge within the axon

Question 21

Relative ionic charge inside resting neuron

Answer 21

Negative charge

Question 22

Relative ionic charge outside resting neurons

Answer 22

Positive charge

Question 23

Ions inside a cell with resting potential

Answer 23

Small K+ ions and large negative protein ions

Question 24

Ions outside a cell with resting potential

Answer 24

Na+ and negative chloride ions

Question 25

Charge inside a cell with action potential

Answer 25

Positive charge

Question 26

Charge outside a cell with action potential

Answer 26

Negative charge

Question 27

Saltatory conduction

Answer 27

Nerve impulses rapidly move down myelinated axon with excitation occurring only at nodes of Ranvier

Question 28

Multiple sclerosis (MS)

Answer 28

Disease where myelin is destroyed by immune system leading to diminished neural function in those cells

Question 29

MS symptoms

Answer 29

Fatigue, vision change, balance issues, numbness, muscle weakness

Question 30

Synaptic vesicle

Answer 30

Chemical fluid-filled sacks inside axon terminal

Question 31

Neurotransmitters

Answer 31

Chemical molecules in synaptic vesicles that transmit message to next neuron

Question 32

Synapse/synaptic gap

Answer 32

Microscopic fluid filled spca between axon terminal of one neuron and dendrite of recieving neuron

Question 33

Receptor site

Answer 33

Proteins on dendrite surface and other muscles that fit only certain neurotransmitters

Question 34

Excitatory synapse

Answer 34

Synapse where neurotransmitters cause receiving cell to fire

Question 35

Inhibitory synapse

Answer 35

Synapse where neurotransmitters cause receiving cell to stop firing

Question 36

Acetylcholine (ACh)

Answer 36

First neurotransmitter identified; found in synapse between neuron + muscle cell; controls muscle contraction; memory, arousal, attention

Question 37

Antagonist

Answer 37

Chem substance that blocks/reduces cells response to action of other chemicals or neurotransmitters

Question 38

Agonist

Answer 38

Chem substance that mimics/enhances effects of neurotransmitters on receptor sites

Question 39

Reuptake

Answer 39

Process of neurotransmitters being taken back to synaptic vesicles

Question 40

Medulla function

Answer 40

Life-sustaining functions (breathing, heartbeat, swallowing, etc)

Question 41

Medulla location

Answer 41

Lowest swelling at top of spinal cord

Question 42

Pons function

Answer 42

Sleep, breathing, left-right body coordination, and arousal

Question 43

Pons location

Answer 43

Larger swelling above medulla connecting brainstem to brain

Question 44

Reticular formation function

Answer 44

Area of neurons that’s responsible for general attention, alertness, and arousal

Question 45

Reticular formation location

Answer 45

Runs through middle of brainstem

Question 46

Cerebellum function

Answer 46

Coordination/balance, involuntary rapid fine motor movement, and some cognitive functions

Question 47

Cerebellum location

Answer 47

Behind the pons

Question 48

Thalamus function

Answer 48

Relays sensory info from brainstem to respective cortexes

Question 49

Thalamus location

Answer 49

Center of brain

Question 50

Hypothalamus function

Answer 50

Responsible for motivations and regulations (body temp, sleep, hunger, thirst, sex, etc)

Question 51

Hypothalamus location

Answer 51

Below thalamus and above pituitary gland

Question 52

Hippocampus function

Answer 52

Responsible for long-term declarative memory

Question 53

Hippocampus location

Answer 53

In each temporal lobe

Question 54

Amygdala function

Answer 54

Controls fear/emotion memory and response

Question 55

Amygdala location

Answer 55

In temporal lobe in front of hippocampus

Question 56

Broca's area

Answer 56

Associated with production of speech

Question 57

Broca's aphasia

Answer 57

Inability to speak fluently, pronounce words correctly, and not stutter

Question 58

Wernicke's area

Answer 58

Associated with understanding and interpreting speech

Question 59

Wernicke's aphasia

Answer 59

Inability to understand or pronounce meaningful language

Question 60

Reflex arc

Answer 60

Connection of afferent neurons to interneurons to efferent neurons through the spinal cord resulting in reflex action