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PSYC 1001 > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

The Biological Perspective

1
Q

Central nervous system

A

Brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

Transmits info to and from the CNS

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3
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Automatically regulates glands and organs

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4
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

Controls voluntary movement of muscles

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5
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system

A

Maintains body’s ordinary, calm conditions

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6
Q

Sympathetic nervous system

A

Preps body for stress, anxiety, and arousal

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7
Q

Neuron

A

Basic cell that makes up the nervous system and receives/sends messages within that system

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8
Q

Soma

A

Cell body responsible for maintaining life of cell

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9
Q

Dendrite

A

Receives messages form other neurons

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10
Q

Axon

A

Sends messages to other neurons

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11
Q

Myelin sheath

A

Encases axon and speeds up electrical impulse

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12
Q

Axon terminal

A

Enlarged ends of axonal branches containing synaptic vesicles used to communicate

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13
Q

Nodes of Ranvier

A

Gaps between the myelin sheaths

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14
Q

Afferent neuron

A

Sensory euron that carries info from senses to CNS

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15
Q

Efferent neuron

A

Motor neuron that carries messages from CNS to muscles/glands

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16
Q

Interneuron

A

Neuron in center of spinal cord that receive info from afferent neurons and connects to efferent neuron to send messages to muscles

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17
Q

Glial cell

A

Cells that provide support for neurons to grow, deliver nutrients, produce myelin, clean up waste/dead neurons, influence info processing, and influence generation of new neurons during prenatal development

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18
Q

Electrostatic pressure

A

Relative balance of electrical charges when ions are at rest

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19
Q

Resting potential

A

State of neuron when not firing a neural impulse; is electrically charged

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20
Q

Action potential

A

Release of neural impluse, consisting of a reversal of the electrical charge within the axon

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21
Q

Relative ionic charge inside resting neuron

A

Negative charge

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22
Q

Relative ionic charge outside resting neurons

A

Positive charge

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23
Q

Ions inside a cell with resting potential

A

Small K+ ions and large negative protein ions

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24
Q

Ions outside a cell with resting potential

A

Na+ and negative chloride ions

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25
Q

Charge inside a cell with action potential

A

Positive charge

26
Q

Charge outside a cell with action potential

A

Negative charge

27
Q

Saltatory conduction

A

Nerve impulses rapidly move down myelinated axon with excitation occurring only at nodes of Ranvier

28
Q

Multiple sclerosis (MS)

A

Disease where myelin is destroyed by immune system leading to diminished neural function in those cells

29
Q

MS symptoms

A

Fatigue, vision change, balance issues, numbness, muscle weakness

30
Q

Synaptic vesicle

A

Chemical fluid-filled sacks inside axon terminal

31
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

Chemical molecules in synaptic vesicles that transmit message to next neuron

32
Q

Synapse/synaptic gap

A

Microscopic fluid filled spca between axon terminal of one neuron and dendrite of recieving neuron

33
Q

Receptor site

A

Proteins on dendrite surface and other muscles that fit only certain neurotransmitters

34
Q

Excitatory synapse

A

Synapse where neurotransmitters cause receiving cell to fire

35
Q

Inhibitory synapse

A

Synapse where neurotransmitters cause receiving cell to stop firing

36
Q

Acetylcholine (ACh)

A

First neurotransmitter identified; found in synapse between neuron + muscle cell; controls muscle contraction; memory, arousal, attention

37
Q

Antagonist

A

Chem substance that blocks/reduces cells response to action of other chemicals or neurotransmitters

38
Q

Agonist

A

Chem substance that mimics/enhances effects of neurotransmitters on receptor sites

39
Q

Reputake

A

Process of neurotransmitters being taken back to synaptic vesicles

40
Q

Medulla function

A

Life-sustaining functions (breathing, heartbeat, swallowing, etc)

41
Q

Medulla location

A

Lowest swelling at top of spinal cord

42
Q

Pons function

A

Sleep, breathing, left-right body coordination, and arousal

43
Q

Pons location

A

Larger swelling above medulla connecting brainstem to brain

44
Q

Reticular formation function

A

Area of neurons that’s responsible for general attention, alertness, and arousal

45
Q

Reticular formation location

A

Runs through middle of brainstem

46
Q

Cerebellum function

A

Coordination/balance, involuntary rapid fine motor movement, and some cognitive functions

47
Q

Cerebellum location

A

Behind the pons

48
Q

Thalamus function

A

Relays sensory info from brainstem to respective cortexes

49
Q

Thalamus location

A

Center of brain

50
Q

Hypothalamus function

A

Responsible for motivations and regulations (body temp, sleep, hunger, thirst, sex, etc)

51
Q

Hypothalamus location

A

Below thalamus and above pituitary gland

52
Q

Hippocampus function

A

Responsible for long-term declarative memory

53
Q

Hippocampus location

A

In each temporal lobe

54
Q

Amygdala function

A

Controls fear/emotion memory and response

55
Q

Amygdala location

A

In temporal lobe in front of hippocampus

56
Q

Broca’s area

A

Associated with production of speech

57
Q

Broca’s aphasia

A

Inability to speak fluently, pronounce words correctly, and not stutter

58
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

Associated with understanding and interpreting speech

59
Q

Wernicke’s aphasia

A

Inability to understand or pronounce meaningful language

60
Q

Reflex arc

A

Connection of afferent neurons to interneurons to efferent neurons through the spinal cord resulting in reflex action

PSYC 1001 (5 decks)

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