Chapter 4

Question 1

What type of cells are eukaryotic?

Answer 1

plant and animal cells

Question 2

What do all cells have?

Answer 2

genetic material, ribosomes, cytoplasm, and a cell membrane

Question 3

What structure do prokaryotic cells not have?

Answer 3

nucleus

Question 4

Where is the DNA in a prokaryotic cell vs eukaryotic

Answer 4

p: cytoplasm, e: nucleus

Question 5

What is a the cell membrane made of

Answer 5

phospholipid bilayer

Question 6

amiphipathic

Answer 6

polar and nonpolar regions in the same molecule

Question 7

What type of molecules is the phospholipid bilayer permeable to?

Answer 7

small, nonpolar molecules and lipids

Question 8

What types of sugars play a role in cell communication and recognition?

Answer 8

glycolipids and glycoproteins

Question 9

what is the function of the nucleolus?

Answer 9

synthesize ribosomes

Question 10

How does DNA not leave the nucleus but proteins can still be synthesized outside of it?

Answer 10

RNA (copies of DNA) are able to leave the nucleus for protein coding

Question 11

mRNA

Answer 11

type of RNA that carries the protein “recipe” to ribosomes to synthesize proteins

Question 12

What functional difference makes ribosomes not organelles?

Answer 12

they don’t have a membrane

Question 13

What do free-floating ribosomes synthesize?

Answer 13

proteins that will function in the cytosol

Question 14

What do ribosomes attached to the rough ER synthesize?

Answer 14

proteins that function in organelles or outside of the cell

Question 15

What is the difference between rough ER and smooth ER?

Answer 15

rough er has ribosomes for proteinfolding, smooth er does not

Question 16

What does the smooth ER do?

Answer 16

synthesize lipids and breaking down some poisonous antibiotics and drugs

Question 17

What does the rough ER do?

Answer 17

synthesize proteins move to rough ER from ribosomes to be folded and modified

Question 18

What is the function of the Golgi Apparatus?

Answer 18

completes protein folding and further modifies the products of the ER, packages materials into transport vesicles

Question 19

What is the function of lysosomes?

Answer 19

digestion of damaged cells and waste using digestive enzymes

Question 20

What type of environment do lysosomes work best in?

Answer 20

acidic

Question 21

What is the function of a vacuole?

Answer 21

cellular digestion, regulating size and water balance

Question 22

What is the function of peroxisomes?

Answer 22

removing hydrogen from substrates and transferring them to water to make hydrogen peroxide, detoxification (both plant and animal)

Question 23

What is the function of mitochondria?

Answer 23

extract energy from food, site of cellular respiration

Question 24

What is the function of chloroplasts?

Answer 24

carry out photosynthesis

Question 25

What are thykaloids?

Answer 25

stacks of membranes in chloroplasts that carry out photosynthesis

Question 26

What types of fibers make up the cytoskeleton?

Answer 26

actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules

Question 27

What are microtubules?

Answer 27

involved in movement and separate chromosomes during cell division, railroad tracks for vesicle transport

Question 28

What is the purpose of kinesin in vesicle transport?

Answer 28

motor protein that binds over and over to microtubules “walking” a vesicle along it

Question 29

What are the functions of a cell wall?

Answer 29

provide strength and regulate volume

Question 30

What are plasmodesmata?

Answer 30

channels that pass through the plant cell wall to adjacent cells

Question 31

What are the 3 animal cell junctions?

Answer 31

tight junctions, anchoring/adhering junctions, gap junctions

Question 32

What are tight junctions?

Answer 32

leak proof barrier similar to stiches

Question 33

What are anchoring junctions?

Answer 33

connect cells to other cells and the extracellular matrix

Question 34

gap junctions

Answer 34

form a tunnel between cells