Chapter 4 Flashcards

Question

Phonetically consistent forms (PCFs)

Answer 1

are consistent prosodic and speech-sound patterns (e.g., ‘puda’ -family cat or dog) created by a child.

Answer 2

Attention Processing Speed Memory Representational Competence

Answer 3

The ability of an infant to focus on something while his mother discusses or manipulates it is important for learning and may be a precursor of focusing on a conversational topic.

Answer 4

Better recall memory at 9 months is related to better gestural production at 14 months.

Answer 5

Better recognition and recall at 12 months predict better language skills at 36 months.

Answer 6

Provide opportunity for learning without direct instruction. Maintains an interactional dialogue with the infant by modifying their own behavior. Mutual dialogues reach their greatest frequency at around 3 or 4 months of age.

Answer 7

Faster processing speed enables operations to be performed more rapidly With maturation and repeated exposure to the environment, working memory expands and information processing becomes more automatic.

Answer 8

During the first 3-months, a caregiver’s responding teaches a child the signal value of specific behaviors (stimulus-response sequence) Immediate positive parental responsiveness increases a child to communicate

Answer 9

A caregiver interprets eye contact as a sign of interest or attention

Answer 10

Coordinates amounts of time spent gazing Social smile Cry

Answer 11

Rituals & game playing

Answer 12

Vocalization for different attitudes (happy, sad, hungry)

Answer 13

Learns that vocalizations have value and gains interest in toys

Answer 14

is important for the formation of attachment or bonding.

Answer 15

is determined by the quality of interactions.

Answer 16

and security include maternal playfulness, sensitivity, encouragement, and pacing.

Answer 17

Intentionality is exhibited when a child begins to encode a message for someone else. Initially, communication intentions are expressed primarily through gestures (i.e., requesting, interacting, and attracting attention).

Answer 18

Communicate intentions more clearly and effectively

Answer 19

Responds differentially to the interactional partner Stay close to the caregiver Following caregivers' movements Becomes distressed if he/she leaves

Answer 20

Imitate simple motor behaviors Follow maternal pointing and glancing Parents can consistently recognize infant intonational patterns Look at their partners at the beginning of a vocal turn

Answer 21

Begins at birth Caregivers interpret the infant’s behaviour and respond accordingly. Toward the end of this initial period of intentional development Become more interested in manipulating objects Begin to use gestures that demonstrate an understanding of object purpose or use.

Answer 22

Begins at 8 to 9 months. Infants use conventional gestures, vocalizations, or both to communicate intentions. Extends objects towards others to show/ bring attention to them but does not release them.

Answer 23

Pointing may include the whole hand or single finger with the arm extended. By 12 months, infant pointing to share with others, is a full communicative act.

Answer 24

requesting objects, participation, or actions.

Answer 25

pointing or showing, maintaining joint attention.

Answer 26

Intent becomes encoded in words with or without gestures Each language allows only certain syllable and phoneme sequencing structures, so predictability is high within words. Predictable, familiar words and phrases become associated with familiar contexts, helping early meanings to form.

Answer 27

consists of maternal adaptations in speech and language, gaze, facial expression, facial presentation and head movement, and proxemics. Maternal responsiveness is determined by the maturational level of the infant and culture‐specific interactional patterns.

Answer 28

Characterized by higher pitch, short utterance length, simple syntax, and use of core vocabulary. Mothers paraphrase and repeat themselves. Children who are deaf and exposed to maternal signing from birth achieve all linguistic milestones at or before hearing children.

Answer 29

is used to initiate, invite, or signal readiness.

Answer 30

Facial Presentation and Head Movement Proxemics

Answer 31

Infant and caregiver interactions are crucial for infant learning and being able to participate in joint experiences.

Answer 32

presupposes that two or more individuals share a common focus. (Identification of Autism Spectrum Disorder is partly based on lack of joint reference. )

Answer 33

Joint Attention 0-6months -From visually following caregiver -Attending to utterances - Following line of regard Intention to communicate 7-8months pointing or showing reach-for-real reach-for-signal Gesture and vocalization 8-12months Protoimperatives and protodeclaratives Naming and Topicalization 12+months Joint reference within dialogues

Answer 34

refers to shared behaviors in familiar contexts, providing a structure in which language can be analyzed (i.e., a routine). Familiar Contexts Game playing Routines

Answer 35

Greeting Moment of mutual gaze. Maternal mock surprise Infant response (e.g., wide eyes, an open mouth, a smile, and head reorientation)

Answer 36

Establish attention, maintain attention, or enter into play Maternal behaviors often occur in repetitive runs within each episode

Answer 37

Rests used to readjust the interaction

Answer 38

Most early turns last for less than one second. Lack of maternal pauses can result in overstimulation and a less responsive infant. Gaze, facial expression, body movement, or vocalization can all fill a turn.

Answer 39

contain the initial elements of emerging conversation

Answer 40

Mothers use a variety of situations to facilitate language and communication development. Interactional situations account for almost all activities of a 3‐month‐old infant: mother’s lap crib/bed infant seat bath