Chapter 4

Question 1

What is the optimal range for triglycerides?

Answer 1

<80mg/dL

Question 2

What is the optimal range for HDL

Answer 2

50-90mg/dL

Question 3

What is the optimal range for fasting glucose?

Answer 3

70-85mg/dL

Question 4

What is the optimal range for blood pressure?

Answer 4

Below 120 systolic, below 80 diastolic

Question 5

What is the optimal range of waist circumference

Answer 5

31.5 inches for women, 35 inches for men

Question 6

What is the optimal triglyceride to HDL ratio?

Answer 6

Less than 1.5

Question 7

What is the optimal range for HOMA-IR?

Answer 7

Less than 2

Question 8

What does HOMA-IR stand for?

Answer 8

Homeostatic model assesment for insulin resistance

Question 9

What does hsCRP stand for and what are it’s optimal ranges?

Answer 9

High sensitivity C-reactive protein
Below .3

Question 10

What is the definition of glycation?

Answer 10

Sugar molecules sticking to protein, lipid, or nucleic acid molecules through a covalent bond

Question 11

What does HBA1C stand for and what are it’s optimal ranges?

Answer 11

Hemoglobin A1C
5.0-5.4

Question 12

What is Uric acid and what is it’s optimal range?

Answer 12

Uric Acid is a byproduct of the breakdown of fructose and purine rich foods.
Below 5 for men, and between 2 and 4 for women

Question 13

What do AST, ALT, and GGT stand for, what are their roles, and what are their optimal ranges?

Answer 13

Aspartate and Alanine Transaminase
Gamma-Glutamyl-Transferase
AST and ALT are proteins made in the liver that are released into circulation when liver cells become damaged or die.
GGT is a protein made throughout the body. GGT’s role is to metabolize glutathione which is an antioxidant.
Optimal ranges for AST and ALT: below 17; GGT men: below 25 women: below 14.

Question 14

What is vitamin D, what is it’s role, and what are it’s optimal ranges?

Answer 14

A hormone we produce when we expose our skin to light.
It regulates calcium, and the immune system.
Range: 40-60 ng/mL