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Lesson 2 > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Muscul/o, my/o, myas/o

A

Muscles. Make body movement possible, hold body erect, move body fluids, produce body heat

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2
Q

Fasci/o

A

Fascia, fibrous band. Cover, support, separate muscles.

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3
Q

Ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o

A

Tendons, stretch out, extend, strain. Attach muscles to bones

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4
Q

Bi-

A

Two, twice, double

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5
Q

-cele

A

Hernia, tumor, swelling

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6
Q

Dys-

A

Bad, difficult, painful

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7
Q

Fibr/o

A

Fibrous tissue, fiber

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8
Q

-ia

A

Abnormal condition, disease, plural of -ium

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9
Q

-ic

A

Pertaining to

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10
Q

Kines/o, kinesi/o

A

Movement

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11
Q

-plegia

A

Paralysis, stroke

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12
Q

-rrhexis

A

Rupture

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13
Q

Tax/o

A

Coordination, order

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14
Q

Ton/o

A

Stretching, tension

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15
Q

Tri-

A

Three

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16
Q

Abduction

A

Movement of a limb away from the midline of the body. Ab- means away, duct means to lead, -ion means action

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17
Q

Adduction

A

Movement of a limb toward the midline of the body. Ad- means toward, duct means to lead, -ion means action

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18
Q

Adhesion

A

A band of fibrous tissue that holds structure together abnormally. Can form inmusxles or in internal organs, as the result of an injury or surgery

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19
Q

Ataxia

A

The lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement. A- means without, tax means coordination, -ia means condition. These movements, which are often shaky and unsteady, are most frequently caused by abnormal activity in the cerebellum

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20
Q

Atonic

A

Lacking normal muscle tone or strength. A- means without, ton means tone, -ic means pertaining to

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21
Q

Atrophy

A

Weakness or wearing away of body tissues and structures. Can be caused by pathology or by disuse of the muscle over a long period of time

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22
Q

Bradykinesia

A

Extreme slowness in movement. Brady- means slow, kines means movement, -ia means condition. One of symptoms of Parkinson’s disease

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23
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome

A

Inflammation and swelling of the tendons that pass through the carpal tunnel, which then create pressure on the median nerve. Carpal tunnel is a narrow, bony passage under the carpal ligament that is located just below the inner surface of the wrist. The median nerve and the tendons that bend the fingers pass through this tunnel

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24
Q

Chronic fatigue syndrome

A

A delibitating and complex disorder characterized by profound fatigue that is not improved by bed rest and may be made worse by physical or mental activity. CFS, also known as myalgic encephalomyelitis

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25
Q

Circumduction

A

The circular movement at the far end of a limb

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26
Q

Contracture

A

The permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments
Or skin that occurs when normally elastic connective tissues are replaced with non-elastic fibrous tissues. Most common causes of contracture are scarring or the lack of use due to immobilization or inactivity

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27
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Movement that bends the foot upward at the ankle. Pointing the toes and foot upward decreases the angle between the top of the foot and the front of the leg

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28
Q

Dyskinesia

A

Distortion or impairment of voluntary movement resulting in fragmented or Jerky motions. Dys- means bad, kines means movement, -ia means condition

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29
Q

Dystonia

A

A condition of abnormal muscle tone that causes the impairment of voluntary muscle movement. Dys- means bad, ton means tone, -ia means condition

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30
Q

Electromyography

A

A diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity within muscle fibers in response to nerve stimulations. EMG. Electr/o means electricity, my/o means muscle, -graphy means the process of producing a picture or record. Frequently used when people have symptoms of weakness and examination shows impaired muscle strength

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31
Q

Epicondylitis

A

Inflammation of the tissues surrounding the elbow. Epi- means on, condyl means condyle, -itis means inflammation

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32
Q

Ergonomics

A

The study of human factors that affect the design and operation of tools and the work environment. Usually applied to the design of equipment and workspaces, with the goal of reducing injuries, strains, and stress

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33
Q

Exercise physiologist

A

A specialist who works under a physician’s supervision to develop, implement, and coordinate exercise programs, and administer medical tests to promote physical fitness

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34
Q

Fasciitis

A

Inflammation of a fascia. Fasci means fascia, -itis means inflammation

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35
Q

Fibromyalgia

A

A debilitating chronic condition characterized by fatigue, diffuse or specific muscle, joint, or bone pain, and a wide range of other symptoms. Fibr/o means fibrous tissue, my means muscle, -algia means pain

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36
Q

Ganglion cyst

A

A harmless fluid-filled swelling that occurs most commonly on the outer surface of the wrist

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37
Q

Heel spur

A

A calcium deposit in the plantar fascia near its attachment to the heel bone

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38
Q

Hemiparesis

A

Slight paralysis or weakness affecting one side of the body. Hemi- means half, -paresis means partial or incomplete paralysis

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39
Q

Hemiplegia

A

Total paralysis affecting only one side of the body. Hemi- means half, -plegia means paralysis. Usually associated with a stroke or brain damage

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40
Q

Hernia

A

The protrusion of a part of a structure through the tissues normally containing it

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41
Q

Hyperkinesia

A

Abnormally increased motor function or activity, also known as hyperactivity. Hyper-means excessive, kines means movement, -ia means condition

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42
Q

Hypotonia

A

A condition of diminished tone of skeletal muscles. Hypo- means deficient, ton means tone, -ia means condition

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43
Q

Impingement syndrome

A

Inflammed and swollen tendons are caught in the narrow space between the bones within the shoulder joint. Common symptoms is discomfort when raising your arm above your head

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44
Q

Insertion

A

The point where the muscle ends by attaching to a bone or tendon. The insertion is the more movable attachment, and it is farthest point from the midline of the body

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45
Q

Intermittent claudication

A

Pain in the leg muscles that occurs during exercise and is relieved by rest. This condition, which is due to poor circulation, is associated with peripheral vascular disease

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46
Q

Muscular dystrophy

A

A group of more than 30 genetic diseases that are characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles that control movement, without affecting the nervous system. Two most common forms are duchenne muscular dystrophy and Becker muscular dystrophy

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47
Q

Myasthenia gravis

A

A chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction and produces serious weakness of voluntary muscles. Muscles that control eye movement, facial expression, chewing, talking, and swallowing are often affected by this condition.

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48
Q

Myocele

A

The herniation (protusion) of muscle substance through a tear in the fascia surrounding it. My/o means muscle, -Cele means hernia

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49
Q

Myoclonus

A

The quick involuntary jerking of a muscle or group of muscles. My/o means muscles, clon means violent action, -us means singular noun ending. May occur normally as a person falling asleep or asthe jerks, shakes, or spasms resulting from a neurological disorder such as epilepsy, a metabolic condition or a response to medication

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50
Q

Myofascial release

A

A specialized soft-tissue manipulation technique used to ease the pain of conditions such as fibromyalgia, myofascial pain syndrome, movement restrictions, temporomandibular joint disorders, and carpal tunnel syndrome

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51
Q

Myolysis

A

The degeneration of muscle tissue. My/o means muscle, -lysis means destruction or breaking down in disease

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52
Q

Myoparesis

A

Weakness or slight muscular paralysis. My/o means muscle, -paresis means partial or incomplete paralysis

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53
Q

Myorrhaphy

A

Surgical suturing of a muscle. My/o means muscle, -rrhaphy means surgical suturing

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54
Q

Neuromuscular

A

Pertaining to the relationship between a nerve and muscle. Neur/o means nerve, muscul means muscle, -ar means pertaining to

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55
Q

Oblique

A

Slated or at an angle. Ex. External oblique and internal oblique muscles have slanted alignment

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56
Q

Origin

A

The point where the muscle begins, located nearest the midline of the body or on a less movable part of the skeleton

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57
Q

Paralysis

A

The loss of sensation and voluntary muscle movements in a muscle through disease or injury to its nerve supply

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58
Q

Paraplegia

A

Paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body

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59
Q

Physiatrist

A

A physician who specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation with the focus on restoring function

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60
Q

Plantar fasciitis

A

Inflammation of the plantar fascia on the sole of the foot, causing foot or heel pain when walking or running

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61
Q

Polymyositis

A

A muscle disease characterized by the simultaneous inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles in many parts of the body. Poly- means many, myos means muscle, -itis means inflammation. The affected muscles are typically those closest to the trunk or torso, and the resulting weakness can be severe

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62
Q

Pronation

A

The act of rotating the arm or the leg so the palm of the hand or the sole of the foot is turned downward or backward

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63
Q

Quadriplegia

A

Paralysis of all four extremities. Quadr/I means for, -plegia means paralysis

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64
Q

Sarcopenia

A

The loss of muscle mass, strength, and function that come with aging. Sarc/o means flesh, -penia means deficiency

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65
Q

Shin splint

A

A painful condition caused by the tibialis anterior muscle tearing away from the tibia (shin bone). Can develop in the anterolateral ( front and side) muscles or in the posteromedial (back and middle) muscles of the lower leg. Type of injury is usually caused by repeated stress to the lower leg such as running on hard surfaces

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66
Q

Singultus

A

Also known as hiccups. Myoclonus of the diaphragm that causes the characteristic hiccup sound with each spasm

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67
Q

Sphincter

A

(Sfink-ter)
A ring-like muscle that tightly constructs the opening of a passageway. Ex. Anal sphincter closes the anus

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68
Q

Sprain

A

An injury to a joint, such as ankle, knee, or wrist, which usually occurs when a ligament is wrenched or torn

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69
Q

Tenodesis

A

The suturing of the end of a tendon to a bone. Ten/o means tendon, -desis means to bind or tie together

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70
Q

Tenolysis

A

The release of a tendon from adhesions. Ten/o means tendon, -lysis means to set free

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71
Q

Tenorrhaphy

A

The surgical suturing together of the divided ends of a tendon. Ten/o means tendon, -rrhaphy means surgical suturing

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72
Q

Tenosynovitis

A

An inflammation of the sheath surrounding a tendon. Ten/o means tendon, synov means synovial membrane, -itis means inflammation

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73
Q

Tenotomy

A

A surgical incision into a tendon. Ten/o means tendon, -otomy means surgical incision

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74
Q

Torticollis

A

Also known as wryneck. A stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that pull the head toward the affected side

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75
Q

Transverse

A

In a crosswise direction. Ex. Transverse abdominis muscle in the abdomen, has a crosswise alignment

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76
Q

Functions of the muscular system

A
  • muscles hold the body erect and make movement possible
  • muscle movement generates nearly 85% of the hear that keeps the body warm
  • muscles move food through the digestive system
  • muscle movements, such as walking, aid the flow of blood through veins as it returns to the heart
  • muscles action moves fluids through the ducts and tube associated with other body systems
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77
Q

Musculoskeletal system

A

The muscular and skeletal systems. They provide the body with form, support, stability, and the ability to move. Has more than 600 muscles, which make up about 40-45% of the body’s weight. Skeletal fibers are made up of fibers that are covered with fascia and are attached to bones by tendons

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78
Q

Muscle fibers

A

Long, slender cells that make up muscles. Each muscle consists of a group of fibers that are bound together by connective tissue

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79
Q

Fascia

A

A band of connective tissue that envelops, separates, or binds together muscles or groups of muscles. (Plural fasciae or fascias). Fascia is flexible to allow muscle movements

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80
Q

Myofascial

A

Pertaining to muscle tissue and fascia. My/o means muscle, fasci means fascia, -al means pertaining to

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81
Q

Tendon

A

A narrow band of nonelastic, dense, fibrous connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone

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82
Q

Ligaments

A

Bands of fibrous tissue that forms joints by connecting one bone to another bone

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83
Q

Patellar tendon

A

Attaches muscles to the bottom of the patella (kneecap)

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84
Q

Achilles tendon

A

Attaches the gastrocnemius muscle (the major muscle of the calf of the leg) to the heel bone

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85
Q

Aponeurosis

A

Sheet-like fibrous connective tissue resembling a flattened tendon that connects muscles together or to a bone . (Plural aponeuroses)

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86
Q

Three types of muscular tissue

A

Skeletal
Smooth
Myocardial
These muscle types are described according to their appearance and function

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87
Q

Skeletal muscles

A

Attached to the bones of the skeleton and make body motions possible.
Also known as voluntary muscles or striated muscles

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88
Q

Voluntary muscles

A

Skeletal muscles. We have conscious (voluntary) control over these muscles

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89
Q

Striated muscles

A

Skeletal muscles. Under a microscope, the dark and light bands in the muscle fibers create a striped appearance

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90
Q

Striated

A

Striped

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91
Q

Smooth muscles

A

Located in the walls of internal organs such as the digestive tract, blood vessels, and ducts leading from glands. Their function is to move and control the flow of fluids through these structures.
Also known as involuntary muscles, unstriated muscles, visceral muscles

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92
Q

Involuntary muscles

A

Smooth muscles, under control of the autonomic nervous system and are not under voluntary control

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93
Q

Unstriated muscles

A

Smooth muscles that do not have dark and light bands that produce the striped appearance

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94
Q

Visceral muscles

A

Smooth muscles which are found in hollow structures such as those of the digestive and urinary systems. These muscles are found in large internal organs, with the exception of the heart

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95
Q

Visceral

A

Relating to the internal organs.

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96
Q

Myocardial muscles

A

Also known as myocardium or cardiac muscle. Form the muscular walls of the heart. My/o means muscle, cardi means heart, -al means pertaining to. Like striated skeletal muscle in appearance but is similar to smooth muscle in that its action is involuntary. It is the constant contraction and relaxation of the myocardial muscle that causes the heartbeat

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97
Q

Muscle innervation

A

Stimulation of a muscle by an impulse transmitted by a motor nerve. Motor nerves enable the brain to stimulate a muscle to contract. When the stimulation stops, the muscle relaxes. Motor nerves control the body’s voluntary muscular contractions.

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98
Q

Antagonistic

A

Working in opposition to each other

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99
Q

Antagonistic muscle pairs

A

All muscles are arranged in antagonistic pairs. Muscles within each pair are made up of specialized cells that can change length or shape by contracting or relaxing. When one muscle contracts, the opposite muscle of the pair relaxes. Ex. Biceps and triceps

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100
Q

Contraction

A

Tightening of a muscle. As the muscle contracts, it becomes shorter and thicker, causing the belly (center) of the muscle to enlarge

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101
Q

Relaxation

A

Occurs when a muscle returns to its original form. As the muscle relaxes, it becomes longer and thinner, and the belly is no longer enlarged

102
Q

Extension

A

Increases the angle of the elbow and moves the hand away from the body. Increasing the angles between two bones or the straightening out of a limb. Ex- means away from, tens means to stretch out, -ion means action

103
Q

Flexion

A

Decreases the angle of the elbow and moves the hand toward the body. Decreasing the angle between two bones by bending a limb at a joint. Flex means to bend, -ion means action. Ex. Knee or elbow is bent

104
Q

Rotation

A

Circular movement around an axis such as the shoulder joint

105
Q

Circumduction

A

Circular movement at the far end of the limb. Ex. Swinging motion of the far end of the arm

106
Q

Suppination

A

Turning the arm so that the palm of the hand is turned upward

107
Q

Plantar flexion

A

Bends the foot downward at the ankle. Pointing the toes and foot downward increases the angle between the top of the foot and the front of the leg

108
Q

Adductor

A

Muscle that moves a body part toward the midline

109
Q

Abductor

A

A muscle that moves a body part away from the midline

110
Q

Flexor muscle

A

Bends the limb at a joint

111
Q

Extensor muscle

A

Straightens a limb at a joint

112
Q

Hyperextension

A

Extreme or overextension of a limb or body part beyond its normal limit.

113
Q

Elevation

A

Act of raising or lifting a body part. Ex a smile

114
Q

Levator anguli oris

A

Muscles of the face where a smile occurs

115
Q

Levator

A

Muscle that raises a body part

116
Q

Depression

A

Act of lowering a body part. Ex frown

117
Q

Depressor anguli oris

A

Muscles of face which causes frown

118
Q

Depressor

A

Muscles lower a body part

119
Q

Axis

A

An imaginary line that runs lengthwise through the center of the body, and rotation turns a bone on its own axis

120
Q

Rotator muscle

A

Turns a body part on its axis. Ex head of a humerus rotates within the shoulder joint

121
Q

Humerus

A

Bone of the upper arm

122
Q

Rotator cuff

A

Group of muscles and their tendons that hold the head of the humerus securely in place as it rotates within the shoulder joint

123
Q

Plantar

A

Pertaining to the sole of the foot

124
Q

Superficial muscles

A

Located near the surface, just under the skin

125
Q

Sternocleidomastoid muscle

A

Helps bend the neck and rotate the head. This muscle has two points of origin, stern/o and cleid/o. Mastoid muscle inserts at one point of insertion into the mastoid process. This is part of the temporal bone that is located just behind the ear. Stern/o means breastbone, cleid/o means collarbone

126
Q

Carpi

A

Wrist or wrist bones

127
Q

Flexor carpi muscles and extensor carpi muscles

A

Pair of muscles that make flexion and extension of the wrist possible

128
Q

Pectoralis major

A

Thick, fan-shaped muscle situated on the anterior chest wall, makes up the bulk of the chest muscle

129
Q

Pectoral

A

Relating to the chest

130
Q

Lateralis

A

Toward the side

131
Q

Vastus lateralis

A

Large muscle toward the outer side of the leg. Vastus is latin for huge

132
Q

Medialis

A

Toward the midline

133
Q

Vastus medialis

A

A muscle toward the midline of the leg. These muscles are part of the quadriceps that flex and extend the leg at the knee

134
Q

Rectus

A

In straight alignment with the vertical axis of the body. Ex. Rectus abdominis and rectus femorus have straight alignment

135
Q

Biceps brachii

A

Also known as biceps. Formed from two divisions, bi- means two, -ceps mean head. Located in the anterior upper arm, flexes the elbow

136
Q

Triceps brachii

A

Also known as triceps. Formed from three divisions. Tri- means three, -ceps mean head. Located in the posterior upper arm, extends the elbow

137
Q

Gluteus maximus

A

Largest muscle of the buttock.

138
Q

Maximus

A

Great or large

139
Q

Deltoid muscle

A

Located on the shoulder, is shaped like an inverted triangle, which is a Greek word delta

140
Q

Hamstrings

A

Reason they’re named as strange names is because these are the muscles by which a butcher hangs a slaughtered pig

141
Q

Hamstring group

A

Located at the back of the upper leg, consists of three separate muscles; biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembraneosus muscles. Primary function of the hamstrings are known flexion and hip extension

142
Q

Frontalis

A

Also occipitofrontalis muscle is in the forehead. It raises and lowers the eyebrows

143
Q

Temporalis

A

Muscle moves the lower jaw up and back to close the mouth

144
Q

Masseter

A

Muscle which is one of the strongest in the body, moves the lower jaw up to close the mouth when chewing

145
Q

External oblique muscle

A

Flex and rotate the vertebral column. Also flex the torso and compress the abdomen. Found in the abdomen

146
Q

Internal oblique muscles

A

Flex the spine, support the abdominal contents, help breathe and rotate the spine. Found in the abdomen

147
Q

Rectus abdominus

A

Helps flex the trunk, assists in breathing, and supports the spine

148
Q

Transverse abdominus

A

Located on the side of the abdomen. This core muscle is engaged when a person laughs or coughs

149
Q

Deltoid

A

Forms the muscular cap of the shoulder

150
Q

Trapezius

A

Muscle moves the head and shoulder blade

151
Q

Rectus femoris

A

Extends the leg at the knee

152
Q

Quadriceps femoris

A

Made up of four muscles, including the vastus lateralis and vastus medialis, which flex and extend the leg at the knee

153
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

Calf muscle that flexes the knee and bends the foot downward. Name came from latin for “stomach of the leg” because of the way this muscle bulges out

154
Q

Neurologist

A

Physician who specializes in treating the causes of paralysis and similar muscular disorders in which there is a loss of function

155
Q

Occupational therapist

A

OT, Helps enable patients to participate in the activities of daily life, including self-care, education, work, or social interaction

156
Q

Rehabilitation

A

Restoration, following disease, illness, or injury, of the ability to function in a normal or near-normal manner

157
Q

Physical therapist

A

PT, provides treatment to prevent disability or restore function through the use of exercise, heat, massage, or other techniques

158
Q

Sports medicine physician

A

Specializes in treating sports related injuries of the bones, joints, and muscles

159
Q

Debilitating

A

A condition causing weakness

160
Q

Tendinitis

A

Sometimes spelled tendonitis. Inflammation of the tendons caused by excessive or unusual use of the joint. Tendin means tendon, -itis means inflammation. Also called tenonitis

161
Q

Myalgia

A

Tenderness or pain in the muscles. My means muscle, -algia means pain

162
Q

Degeneration

A

Deterioration or breaking down

163
Q

Deterioration

A

Process of becoming worse

164
Q

Myorrhexis

A

The rupture or tearing of a muscle. My/o means muscle, -rrhexis means rupture

165
Q

Rhabdomyolysis

A

Serious syndrome that can result from a direct or indirect muscle injury. Rhabdomy/o means striated muscle, -lysis means breakdown. The death of muscle fibers releases their contents into the bloodstream, where they can lead to complications such as renal failure

166
Q

Muscle tone

A

State of balanced muscle tension (contraction and relaxation) that makes normal posture, coordination, and movement possible

167
Q

Intermittent

A

Coming and going at intervals

168
Q

Claudication

A

Limping

169
Q

Spasm

A

Sudden, involuntary contraction of one or more muscles

170
Q

Tic

A

Repeated spasm, often involving the eyelids or face

171
Q

Cramp

A

Painful localized muscle spasm often named for its cause, such as menstrual cramps or writer’s cramp

172
Q

Charley horse

A

Slang term for a cramp, usually in the leg, that came into use in the 1880s among baseball players

173
Q

Myasthenia

A

Muscle weakness. My means muscle, -asthenia means weakness or lack of strength

174
Q

Gravis

A

From latin word meaning grave or serious

175
Q

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

A

Most common form of muscular dystrophy in children. Affects primarily boys with onset between 3-5 years. Progresses rapidly, most boys are unable to walk by age 12 and later develop breathing difficulties and heart disease

176
Q

Becker muscular dystrophy

A

Very similar to duchenne muscular dystrophy but less severe

177
Q

Repetitive stress disorders

A

Also known as repetitive motion disorders. Variety of muscular conditions that result from repeated motions performed in the course of normal work, daily activities or recreation such as sports. The symptoms caused by these frequently repeated motions involve muscles, tendons, nerves, and joints

178
Q

Compartment syndrome

A

Involves the compression of nerves and blood vessels due to swelling within the “compartment”, an enclosed space created by the fascia that separates groups of muscles. Can be caused by trauma, tight bandages or casts or repetitive activities such as running

179
Q

Overuse injuries

A

Minor tissue injuries that have not been given time to heal. Caused by spending hours at the keyboard or by lengthy sports training sessions

180
Q

Overuse tendinitis

A

Also known as overuse tendinosis. Inflammation of tendons caused by excessive or unusual use of a joint. Tendin- means tendon, -itis means inflammation

181
Q

Stress fractures

A

Usually overuse injuries

182
Q

Myofascial pain syndrome

A

Chronic pain disorder that affects muscles and fascia throughout the body, caused by a muscle being contracted repetitively, is characterized by the development of trigger points, producing local and referred muscle pain

183
Q

Trigger points

A

Tender areas that most commonly develop where the fascia comes into contact with a muscle

184
Q

Referred pain

A

Describes pain that originates in one area of the body but is felt in another

185
Q

Rotator cuff tendinitis

A

Inflammation of the tendons of the rotator cuff. Tennis shoulder or pitcher’s shoulder

186
Q

Ruptured rotator cuff

A

Develops when rotator cuff tendinitis is left untreated or if the overuse continues. This occurs as the irritated tendon weakens and tears

187
Q

Carpal tunnel release

A

Surgical enlargement of the carpal tunnel or cutting of the carpal ligament to relieve the pressure on tendons and nerves

188
Q

Condyle

A

Round prominence at the end of a bone

189
Q

Tennis elbow

A

Also known as lateral epicondylitis. Characterized by pain on the outer side of the forearm

190
Q

Golfer’s elbow

A

Akso known as Medial epicondylitis. Characterized by pain on the palm-side of the forearm

191
Q

Strain

A

An injury to the body of the muscle or to the attachment of a tendon. Usually are associated with overuse injuries that involve a stretched or torn muscle or tendon attachment

192
Q

Hamstring injury

A

Can be a strain or tear on any of the three hamstring muscles that straighten the hip and bend the knee. When the muscles contract too quickly, an injury can occur that is characterized by sudden and severe pain in the back of the thigh

193
Q

Achilles tendinitis

A

Painful inflammation of the Achilles tendon caused by excessive stress being placed on that tendon

194
Q

Iliotibial band syndrome

A

ITBS. Overuse injury. Iliotibial band runs from the hipbone, diagonally across the leg to the tibia. Caused by this band rubbing against bone, often in the area of the knee

195
Q

Spinal cord injury

A

SCI. Type of paralysis is determined by the level of the vertebra closest to the injury. The higher on the spinal cord the injury occurs, the greater the area of the body that may be affected.
Injury occurs when vertebra is broken and a piece of the broken bone is pressing into the spinal cord. Also can be injured if the vertebrae are pushed or pulled out of alignment

196
Q

Incomplete injury

A

The person has some function below the level of the injury, even though that function is not normal

197
Q

Complete injury

A

There is a complete loss of sensation and muscle control below the level of the injury

198
Q

Paraplegic

A

Individual affected with paraplegia

199
Q

Quadriplegic

A

Individual affected with quadriplegia

200
Q

Deep tendon refexes

A

DTRs. Tested with a reflex hammer that is used to strike a tendon. No response or an abnormal response can indicate a disruption of the nerve supply to the involved muscles

201
Q

Reflex

A

Involuntary response to a stimulus.
Lost in deep coma or because of medication such as heavy sedation

202
Q

Range-of-motion testing

A

ROM. Diagnostic procedure to evaluate joint mobility and muscle strength. ROM exercises are used to increase strength, flexibility, and mobility

203
Q

Electromyogram

A

Resulting record from electromyography

204
Q

Muscle biopsy

A

Involves removal of a plug of tissue for examination

205
Q

Antispasmodic

A

Also known as anticholinergic. Administered to suppress smooth muscle contractions of the stomach, intestine, or bladder

206
Q

Atropine

A

Antispasmodic that can be administered preoperatively to relax smooth muscle during surgery

207
Q

Skeletal muscle relaxant

A

Administered to relax certain muscles and to relieve the stiffness, pain, and discomfort caused by strains, SprainS, or other muscle injuries. These medications act on the nervous system

208
Q

Neuromuscular blocker

A

Also known as neuromuscular blocking agent. Drug that causes temporary paralysis by blocking the transmission of nerve stimuli to the muscles. These drugs are used as an adjunct to anesthesia during surgery to cause skeletal muscles to relax

209
Q

Adjunct

A

In addition to

210
Q

Occupational therapy

A

OT, consists of activities to promote recovery and rehabilitation to assist patients in performing the activities of daily living

211
Q

Activities of daily living

A

ADL, grooming, eating, dressing

212
Q

Physical therapy

A

PT. Treatment to prevent disability or restore through the use of exercise, heat, massage, or other techniques

213
Q

Therapeutic ultrasound

A

Uses high-frequency sound waves to treat muscle injuries by generating heat deep within muscle tissue. This heat eases pain, reduce muscle spasms, and accelerates healing by increasing the flow of blood into the target tissues

214
Q

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation

A

TENS. Uses a device that delivers electrical impulses through the skin, which cause changes in muscles

215
Q

RICE

A

Most common first aid treatment of muscular injuries.
Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevation

216
Q

Fasciotomy

A

Surgical incision through the fascia to relieve tension or pressure. Fasci means fascia, -otomy means surgical incision. Commonly used to treat compartment syndrome, the pressure causes a loss of circulation that damages the affected tissues

217
Q

Fascioplasty

A

Surgical repair of a fascia. Fasci/o means fascia, -plasty means surgical repair

218
Q

Ultrasound-guided percutaneous needle tenotomy

A

PNT. Used to treat chronic tendon pain by using ultrasound-guided needle insertions to stimulate scar tissue healing within the tendon. Can be used in conjunction with platelet-rich plasma therapy

219
Q

Platelet-rich plasma therapy

A

Some of the patient’s blood is injected into the scar tissue to promote increased blood flow and healing

220
Q

Myotomy

A

Surgical incision into a muscle. My/o means muscle, -otomy means surgical incision

221
Q

ADL

A

Activities of daily living

222
Q

CTS

A

Carpal tunnel syndrome

223
Q

CFS

A

Chronic fatigue syndrome

224
Q

EMG

A

Electromyography

225
Q

Hemi

A

Hemiplegia

226
Q

IC

A

Intermittent claudication

227
Q

MD

A

Muscular dystrophy

228
Q

MG

A

Myasthenia Gravis

229
Q

OT

A

Occupational therapy
Occupational therapist

230
Q

PM

A

Polymyositis

231
Q

Quad

A

Quadriplegia
Quadriplegic

232
Q

RSD

A

Repetitive stress disorder

233
Q

ROM

A

Range-of-motion testing

234
Q

ACL

A

Anterior cruciate ligaments (of the knee)

235
Q

AKA

A

Above-the-knee amputation

236
Q

BKA

A

Below-the-knn amputation

237
Q

C1-C7

A

Cervical vertebrae

238
Q

C-spine

A

Cervical spine

239
Q

DXA

A

Dual x-ray absorptiometry

240
Q

DJD

A

Degenerative joint disease

241
Q

L1-L5

A

Lumbar vertebrae

242
Q

LBP

A

Lower back pain

243
Q

Mets

A

Metastasis

244
Q

NSAID

A

Nonsteroidal anti-flammatory drug

245
Q

OA

A

Osteoarthritis

246
Q

OP

A

Osteoporosis

247
Q

ORIF

A

Open reduction internal fixation

248
Q

Ortho

A

Orthopedics

249
Q

SI joint

A

Sacroiliac joint

250
Q

SLE

A

Systemic lupus erythematosus

251
Q

T1-T12

A

Thoracic vertebrae

252
Q

TKR

A

Total knee replacement

Lesson 2 (4 decks)

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