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Sedimentary Geology > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

To understand the various types of sedimentary process

1
Q

What are the 3 main groups of sedimentary structures?

A

Stratification structure and Bedforms
Bedding plane Markings
Other Structures

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2
Q

What are the 4 fundamental types of sedimentary rocks?

A

Deposition Structures
Erosional Structures
Deformation Structures
Biogenic structures

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3
Q

What is a bed?

A

Tabular or lenticular layers of sedimentary rock that have lithological, textural, or structural unity that distinguishes it from the layers above and below it.

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4
Q

What is a bedding plane?

A

The upper and lower surfaces of a bed

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5
Q

What is a sedimentation unit?

A

A thickness of sediment deposited in near constant physical conditions

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6
Q

What is Strata?

A

Beds thicker than 1 cm

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7
Q

What is laminae?

A

Beds thinner than 1 cm

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8
Q

What is a subdivision as it relates to bedding?

A

A division within a single bed marked by distinct associations with a sedimentary structure.

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9
Q

What is an amalgamation surface?

A

A marked discontinuity between two beds of similar composition

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10
Q

what is an amalgamation bed?

A

Beds separated by an amalgamation surface

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11
Q

What is a bedset?

A

Groups of similar beds or crossbeds

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12
Q

What are cross strata?

A

Layer/Laminae that are deposited at an angle to the bounding surface

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13
Q

What is a single bedset?

A

2 or more superimposed beds characterized by similar composition, texture, and internal structures

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14
Q

What are composite Bedsets?

A

A group of beds differing in composition, texture, and internal structure but deposited in a similar way

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15
Q

What are the types of planar bedding?

A

Laminated, Graded, and Massive

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16
Q

What is a planar bed?

A

Beds that do not contain internal dipping laminae

17
Q

How are laminated beds produced?

A

through less severe or short lived fluctuations in sedimentation

18
Q

How is a laminated bed formed?

A

Through the settling of fine particles from suspension and traction transport of sand in water

19
Q

What is Graded bedding?

A

Beds characterized by distinct gradations in size

20
Q

What is normal grading?

A

Going from coarse to fine in an upwards sequences

21
Q

What is reverse grading?

A

Going from fine to coarse in an upward sequence

22
Q

How does reverse grading happen?

A

Through dispersive pressures and kinetic sieving

23
Q

What is kinetic sieving?

A

Agitation of rock causing finer particles to move down.

24
Q

What is massive bedding?

A

A bed that lacks internal structure

25
Q

How is a massive bed formed?

A

Can be formed through liquefaction of sediments due to sudden shock.

26
Q

What are current ripples?

A

Asymmetrical ripples that develop in reaction to unidirectional flow and face downstream

27
Q

What are oscillation ripples?

A

Ripples that form by reaction

28
Q

How is cross bedding formed?

A

Through migration of ripples/dunes in water or air

29
Q
A
30
Q
A
31
Q

What is a trough cross bed?

A

A cross bedded unit in which 1 or more of the bounding surfaces are curved.

32
Q

What is a Flaser Bedding?

A

A type of ripple bedding in which thin streaks of mud occur between cross rippled laminated sediment.

33
Q

What is lenticular bedding?

A

inter-bedded mud and cross laminated sand in which the ripples are laterally and vertically discontinuous.

34
Q

What is a flame structure?

A

Wavy/flame shaped tounge of mud that projects upward into the overlying layer

35
Q

What are sole markings?

A

positive relief casts made at the base of a bed

36
Q

What is a groove cast?

A

elongated, nearly straight ridges resulting from infilling of erosional relief

37
Q

What is a flute cast?

A

elongated welts or ridges with a bulbous end and a flared end that merges with the bed plane

Sedimentary Geology (6 decks)

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