Chapter 3 Flashcards
How are sedimentary rocks classified?
Texture and composition
What are the components of Texture?
Size, sorting, shape, and Fabric
What is Fabric?
the spatial and geometric configuration of all the elements that make up the rock.
What is the phi scale?
A system of measurement to measure grain size. Geometric divisions increase by doubling and decrease by halving.
What is a histogram?
graphically represent frequency of observation with different class intervals called bins
why do we use a probability plot?
It makes graphical analysis much easier by making the curve into a straight line
What is the grain size range of Sedimentary rocks?
4phi (1/16mm) and -1phi(2mm)
How to identify a sedimentary hand sample?
Hardness, streak, cleavage, color, luster
How to identify a sedimentary thin section?
interference patterns, birefringence, twinning, or extinctions
What are the three components of sandstone?
Quartz, Feldspar, and lithic fragments
What is an authigenic mineral?
a mineral that was formed in place
What are lithic fragments?
everything that is not quartz and feldspar
What is an arenite rock?
a rock that is almost completely pure of 1 mineral
What are the three most common cements?
Silica, Calcite. and hematite/limonite
Silica cement
difficult to distinguish from actual grains
