Chapter 4

Question 1

Acute Responses

Answer 1

changes in the systems of the body
that occur in response to a “single” bout of physical activity or exercise

Question 2

How do acute responses impact the body? - cardiovascular

Answer 2

increases in heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, blood pressure, and redirection of blood flow to the working tissues of the body.

Question 3

How do acute responses impact the body? -pulmonary

Answer 3

increases in air movement into and out of the lungs and increased blood flow through the lungs.

Question 4

How do acute responses impact the body?-muscular

Answer 4

increases in force production, utilization and production of energy , and heat production

Question 5

How do acute responses impact the body?-endocrine

Answer 5

increases in the release epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 6

Homeostasis

Answer 6

Systems of the body control the body’s internal environment and response to increased challenges

Question 7

Chronic Adaptations

Answer 7

changes in the systems of the body that occur in response to “repeated” regular physical activity and exercise

Question 8

What happens when physical activity or exercise is performed regularly?

Answer 8

if it is of sufficient intensity, duration, and frequency, there will be positive
adaptations of the body systems

Question 9

Adaptations (training responses)

Answer 9

occur with the primary purpose of improving the body’s response to the
challenges imposed by the physical activity or exercise

Question 10

How do chronic adaptation responses impact the body? - cardiovascular

Answer 10

increases in stroke volume and cardiac output and decreases in heart rate at the same absolute workload.

Question 11

How do chronic adaptation responses impact the body? - pulmonary

Answer 11

improved air movement into and out of the lungs and increased blood flow through the lungs at the same absolute workload.

Question 12

How do chronic adaptation responses impact the body? - muscular

Answer 12

increased energy production from fat and decreased lactic acid formation at the same absolute workload.

Question 13

How do chronic adaptation responses impact the body? - endocrine

Answer 13

decreased release of epinephrine and norepinephrine at the same absolute workload

Question 14

Glut 4

Answer 14

a type of protein molecule that works with insulin to facilitate glucose uptake by skeletal muscle fibers

Question 15

Muscle control of glucose uptake

Answer 15

The movement of glucose from the blood into the cell depends on the glucose transport protein

Question 16

Skeletal muscle physiology

Answer 16

Training results in fibers taking on characteristics that help meet the requirements of physical activity or exercise

Question 17

Bone Metabolism

Answer 17

Influenced by physical activity and exercise, a dynamic process that involves simultaneous bone formation and resorption, controlled by numerous factors.

Question 18

Osteoporosis

Answer 18

Characterized by loss of bone mineral density, Increased risk of bone fractures

Question 19

Amenorrhea

Answer 19

caused in young female athletes with disordered eating and bone mineral loss are characterized as having the female athlete triad

Question 20

Hypothalamic amenorrhea-

Answer 20

decreased ovarian hormone production

Question 21

Hypoestrogenemia

Answer 21

similar to menopause

Question 22

Energy Balance and Weight Control

Answer 22

Critical for promoting overall good health and optimizing performance in certain sports and athletic competition

Question 23

Assessment of energy expenditure (amount and type) and physical activity

Answer 23

Critical for promoting weight loss or identifying the fitness requirement for a job skill

Question 24

Environmental exercise

Answer 24

Ensuring safety and optimizing performance in challenging environmental conditions is important