Chapter 4 Flashcards
Acute Responses
changes in the systems of the body
that occur in response to a “single” bout of physical activity or exercise
How do acute responses impact the body? - cardiovascular
increases in heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, blood pressure, and redirection of blood flow to the working tissues of the body.
How do acute responses impact the body? -pulmonary
increases in air movement into and out of the lungs and increased blood flow through the lungs.
How do acute responses impact the body?-muscular
increases in force production, utilization and production of energy , and heat production
How do acute responses impact the body?-endocrine
increases in the release epinephrine and norepinephrine
Homeostasis
Systems of the body control the body’s internal environment and response to increased challenges
Chronic Adaptations
changes in the systems of the body that occur in response to “repeated” regular physical activity and exercise
What happens when physical activity or exercise is performed regularly?
if it is of sufficient intensity, duration, and frequency, there will be positive
adaptations of the body systems
Adaptations (training responses)
occur with the primary purpose of improving the body’s response to the
challenges imposed by the physical activity or exercise
How do chronic adaptation responses impact the body? - cardiovascular
increases in stroke volume and cardiac output and decreases in heart rate at the same absolute workload.
How do chronic adaptation responses impact the body? - pulmonary
improved air movement into and out of the lungs and increased blood flow through the lungs at the same absolute workload.
How do chronic adaptation responses impact the body? - muscular
increased energy production from fat and decreased lactic acid formation at the same absolute workload.
How do chronic adaptation responses impact the body? - endocrine
decreased release of epinephrine and norepinephrine at the same absolute workload
Glut 4
a type of protein molecule that works with insulin to facilitate glucose uptake by skeletal muscle fibers
Muscle control of glucose uptake
The movement of glucose from the blood into the cell depends on the glucose transport protein
Skeletal muscle physiology
Training results in fibers taking on characteristics that help meet the requirements of physical activity or exercise
Bone Metabolism
Influenced by physical activity and exercise, a dynamic process that involves simultaneous bone formation and resorption, controlled by numerous factors.
Osteoporosis
Characterized by loss of bone mineral density, Increased risk of bone fractures
Amenorrhea
caused in young female athletes with disordered eating and bone mineral loss are characterized as having the female athlete triad
Hypothalamic amenorrhea-
decreased ovarian hormone production
Hypoestrogenemia
similar to menopause
Energy Balance and Weight Control
Critical for promoting overall good health and optimizing performance in certain sports and athletic competition
Assessment of energy expenditure (amount and type) and physical activity
Critical for promoting weight loss or identifying the fitness requirement for a job skill
Environmental exercise
Ensuring safety and optimizing performance in challenging environmental conditions is important
