Chapter 3 Flashcards
What is meant by “systems integration” and why it is important
the process of bringing together the component sub-systems into one system. Its important because it is all the systems that make up the body.
What is the nervous systems primary function+component
control system of the body, primary component is neuron, responds to acute challenges of the body
What 2 parts make of the nervous system?
Centeral + Peripheral
What is the Centeral (nervous system) made up of?
Brain + Spinal Chord
What is the Peripheral (nervous system) made up of?
Motor+Autonomic
Afferent Neurons
nerves that carry electric impulses toward the brain and spinal cord (sensory neurons)
Efferent neurons
nerves that carry electric impulses away from the brain and spinal cord (motor neurons)
Somatic
part of the nervous system that controls voluntary action
Autonomic
part of the nervous system that regulates involuntary action
Sympathetic
part of the autonomic nervous system that tends to act in opposition to the parasympathetic nervous system, especially under conditions of stress (“fight or flight”)
Parasympathetic
part of the autonomic nervous system that tends to act in opposition to the sympathetic nervous system (“rest and digest”)
Stroke Volume
the volume of blood pumped out of the left ventricle of the heart during each systolic cardiac contraction.
Cardiac Output
the quantity of blood pumped by the heart in a given period of time, typically measured in liters per minute.
What is the Muscular system primary function+component
Provide movement, primary component is muscle fiber
Types of muscle in Muscular system
Skeletal,Cardiac, Smooth
DOMS (delayed-onsent muscle soreness)
Believed to result from tissue injury caused by excessive mechanical
force exerted upon the muscle fibers and connective tissue, occurs most after HIIT workouts, leads to swelling and then the individual feels pain
Hypertrophy
Increases in the size of the individual muscle fiber, humans experiences
Hyperplasia
Increases in the number of individual muscle fibers, humans don’t typically experience
What are the skeletal system primary functions+components?
Structural framework of body,protects organs, tissues, provides and lever system for movement, serves as a storage area for minerals. Primary component- minerals and cells that consititute bone marrow.
What disease can happen from weak bones in skeletal system?
Osteoporosis
What is “blood doping” and how/why is it done?
If the number of red blood cells (adding them via iv) is increased in the body, O2 delivery to the tissues increases, and we usually see
improvements in cardiovascular fitness and endurance exercise
performance
What are the primary functions and components of the Cardiovascular System?
Transporting oxygen, nutrients, hormones, electrolytes, drugs, removing waste from the body. Primary component – heart, blood vessels, and blood.
What is a VO2 max?
the maximal amount of O2 consumed by the body during maximal effort exercise
How does the cardiovascular system play a role in successful performance of sport/physical activity?
Delivery of O2 and nutrients to working muscles and the removal of
waste products are key during aerobic endurance events
What are the primary functions and components of the Pulmonary system?
Moving air into and out of the lungs, Regulation of acid-base balance (by regulating CO2 in the blood), primary component is the lung.
What does the pulmonary system do during exercise?
regulates blood pH levels and exhales cardon dioxide (CO2)
What are the primary functions and components of the Urinary System?
Elimination of waste products, Regulation of fluid volume, electrolyte composition, and pH. Primary component is kidney
What are the primary functions and components of the Digestive System?
Transfer of nutrients and water from the food we consume into the body. This includes Macronutrients, Micronutrients, Electrolytes. Primary Component is Gastrointestinal tract.
What are the primary functions and components of the Endocrine System?
Regulation of physiologic function and systems of the body, it’s the other primary control system of the body. Primary component – endocrine glands + hormones they secrete
Homeostasis
the maintenance of relatively stable internal physiologic conditions
What are the primary functions and components of the Immune System?
Regulating the susceptibility to, severity of, and recovery from infection, abnormal tissue growth, and illness. Primary components – physical, mechanical, chemical,
blood, and cellular factors
Overtraining Syndrome
a condition whereby too much
training results in the maladaptations of body responses
What are the primary functions and components of the Energy System
Provide energy during rest and exercise, Primary component – enzymes and energy sources within the cells
What do cells do when they need energy?
they break down a chemical
compound called adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and then they body resynthesizes it
what does ATP+creatine phosphate do? (energy system)
provides energy during the initiation of movement and during high-intensity exercise. (High)
What does glycolysis and glycogenolysis do? (energy system)
provides energy during moderately high-intensity exercise. (Middle)
What does Oxidative Metabolism do? (energy system)
Provides energy during resting and low to moderately high intensity physical activity and exercise.
