Chapter 4

Question 1

What are Anthropoids?

Answer 1

The primate evolutionary grade that includes tarsier, monkeys, apes, and humans

Question 2

Dentition

Answer 2

The sizes, shapes, and number of an animal’s teeth

Question 2

Homology

Answer 2

Genetic inheritance resulting from common ancestry

Question 2

Anthropomorphism

Answer 2

The attribution of human characteristics to non-human animals

Question 2

Cranium

Answer 2

The bones of the head, excluding the jaw

Question 3

Ecological niche

Answer 3

A species unique position within the ecosystem in which it exists, which by its way life

(e.g., What it eats and how it finds mates, raises its young, relates to companions, and protects itself from predators)

Question 4

Hybridization

Answer 4

When members of two or more different species mate and produce visible offspring

Question 4

Haporhines

Answer 4

The suborder of primates that includes tarsuers, monkeys, apes, and humans

Question 5

Homoplasy

Answer 5

Convergent, or parallel, evolution, as when two species with very different evolutionary histories develop similar physical features as a result of adapting to a similar environment

Question 6

Mandible

Answer 6

The lower Jae

Question 6

Morphology

Answer 6

The physical shape and size of an organism or its body parts

Question 7

Nocturnal

Answer 7

Active during the night

Question 8

Prehensile

Answer 8

The ability to grasp with fingers, toes, or tail

Question 9

Prosimian

Answer 9

The least complex evolutionary division of primates, which includes lemurs and lorises

Question 10

Sexual Dimorphism

Answer 10

Observable phenotypic differences between males and females of the same species

Question 11

Stereoscopic Vision

Answer 11

A form of vision in which the visual field of each eye of a two-eyed (binocular) animal overlaps with the other, producing depth perception

Question 12

Strepsirrhines

Answer 12

A suborder of primates that includes lemurs and lorises

Question 13

Taxon

Answer 13

Each species as well as each group of species related at any level in a taxonomic hierarchy

Question 14

Taxonomy

Answer 14

A biological classification of various kinds of organisms

Question 15

Postcranial Skeleton

Answer 15

The bones of the body, excluding those of the head

Question 16

Generalized dental pattern

Answer 16

2-1-2-3 or 2-1-3-3

Question 17

Knuckle-Walking

Answer 17

Quadrupedal Locomotion (walking on all fours) supporting yourself with knuckles

Question 18

Quadrupedal

Answer 18

Walking on All fours

Question 19

Vertical Clinging and Leaping

Answer 19

Longer legs than arms to leap

Question 20

Brachiation

Answer 20

Suspending under the branch and swinging

Question 21

Retention of the Collar bone

Answer 21

Greater Range of Movement in your front limbs

Question 22

Large brain-to-body size ratio

Answer 22

Larger the brain compared to body size the more we rely on learned behaviors rather than instincts

Question 23

Errect upper body

Answer 23

Enhanced balance thanks to our relatively straight spine

Allows usage of both hands

Question 24

K-Selected

Answer 24

A lot of parental investment, but not a lot of offsprings

Question 25

Aboreal Hypothesis

Answer 25

We spent a lot of time in trees when we were monkeys so we developed good eye sight
3D vision to judge distances and such

Question 26

Visual-predation hypothesis

Answer 26

Collarbone and judgement through vision was developed through early primates watching out for predators

However earliest primates were insectivores and a lot of them today who still are inseectivores don’t have this development

Question 27

Angiosperm (ecological) hypothesis

Answer 27

Developed vision to explore fruit colours and types, and developed collarbone to be able to reach for fruit

Question 28

Socioecology

Answer 28

Studies the relationship between ecological factors and social behaviors (e.g social organization)

Question 29

Nocturnal Primates

Answer 29

Tend to be small and live alone or in small groups at night

Question 30

Aboreal

Answer 30

Lives in smaller groups and are generally smaller in body size, stays in trees