Chapter 1 Flashcards
Neutral Mutations
All living organisms that reproduce sexually have these mutations that have no effect on how you survive.
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Passive Mutations with no effect
Negative Mutations
Mutations that makes iy difficult or even impossible for individuals to survive.
Positive Mutations
A type of mutation that has positive effect on an organism
Random mating
Process whereby every allele has an equal chance of being passed onto the next generation
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You don’t choose what allele (Genetic trait) you pass on
What is Anthropology?
The study of nature, human society, human language, and the human past
What is applied anthropology?
The subfield of anthropology in which anthropologists use information gathered from other anthropological specialties to solve practical cross-cultural problems
Archaeology
The Specialty of anthropology that studies the human past by analyzing material remains left behind by earlier societies
Organisms (in this case, human beings) whose defining features are co-determined by biological and cultural factors
Biocultural organisms
The specialty of anthropology that looks at human beings as biological organisms and tries to discover what characteristics make them different from other organisms and what characteristics they share
Biological anthropology
A characteristic of the anthropological perspective that requires anthropologists to study similarities and differences across as many human societies as possible before generalizing about human beings and their activities
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The study of humans as biological organism
Comparison
What is Cultural Anthropology
The study of living peoples and their culture primarily though their behaviours and beliefs
What is culture?
Sets of learned behavior,ideas and material goods that human beings share as members of society
What is design anthropology
The use of anthropological methods to develop new product ideas
What is ethnography
Firsthand observations of a particular culture
What is ethnology
The comparative study of two or more cultures
What is evolution?
The process by which different kinds of living organisms are thought to have developed and diversified from earlier forms during the history of the earth.
An extended period of close involvement with the people in whose way of life anthropologists are interested, during which anthropologists ordinarily collect most of their data
Fieldwork
What is gender?
The culturally constructed roles assigned to males or females, which vary considerably from society to society
What is globalization?
Reshaping of local conditions by powerful global forces on an ever-intensifying scale
What is Holistic?
Looking at something as a whole
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How anthropology tries to integrate all that is known about human beings and their activities
What are informants in anthropology?
People in particular who work with anthropologists and provide them with insights about the local way of life. Also called respondants, collaberators, teachers or friends
What is language?
The system of arbitrary vocal symbol used to encode one’s experience of the world and others
What is Linguistic anthropology?
The specialty of anthropology concerned with the study of human languages
What is paleoanthropology
The study of human fossils and associated remains to understand human evolution
What is primatology?
The study of non-human primates, the closest living relatives of human beings
What are Races?
Social groupings that allegedly reflect biological differences
What is racism defined?
The systematic oppression of members of one or more socially defined “Race”
What is sex? ;)
The physical characteristics that traditionally distinguish two kinds of humans, females and males.
What distinguishes differences between sex?
Body shapes, distribution of body hair, reproductive organs, sex chromosomes
What is Material Culture?
Objects created or shaped by humans and given meaning through cultural practices
What is Medical Anthropology?
The specialty of anthropology that concerns itself with human health–the factors that contribute to disease or illness and the ways that human populations deal with disease or illness
What are the main subfields of anthropology?
Cultural anthropology, Biological anthropology, linguistic anthropology, and Archaeology
What is the “Holistic Approach” in Anthropology
How everything we do is related within our culture
How do anthropologists use comparative perspective?
They use comparative perspective to understand similarities and differences within and between human goups
What is cultural relativism?
Not judging a culture to our own standards of what is right or wrong, strange or normal
What are ethnolinguistics
The study of human languages
Participant Observation
Participating within the community you’re observing
Darwin’s Evidence
Domesticated plants and animals
Geographic distribution of life forms
How are domesticated plants and animals evidence to Darwin’s evolution theory
We’ve greatly changed/evolved what we domesticated to be ideal to our needs
examples: corn and cown
Example of Geographic distribution of life forms
Galapagos flinches lived in isolation after being separated from main land flinches and evolved to adapt to the isles
Vestigial organs
Organs without a function
What is Mandels first principle?
When we are born we receive a copy of a characteristic from both parents. But only one will pass on when we reproduce.
Genotype
The genes you inherit
PHenotype
Physical aspect you inherit
