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ANTH 101 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Neutral Mutations

A

All living organisms that reproduce sexually have these mutations that have no effect on how you survive.
//
Passive Mutations with no effect

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2
Q

Negative Mutations

A

Mutations that makes iy difficult or even impossible for individuals to survive.

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3
Q

Positive Mutations

A

A type of mutation that has positive effect on an organism

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4
Q

Random mating

A

Process whereby every allele has an equal chance of being passed onto the next generation
//
You don’t choose what allele (Genetic trait) you pass on

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5
Q

What is Anthropology?

A

The study of nature, human society, human language, and the human past

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6
Q

What is applied anthropology?

A

The subfield of anthropology in which anthropologists use information gathered from other anthropological specialties to solve practical cross-cultural problems

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7
Q

Archaeology

A

The Specialty of anthropology that studies the human past by analyzing material remains left behind by earlier societies

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8
Q

Organisms (in this case, human beings) whose defining features are co-determined by biological and cultural factors

A

Biocultural organisms

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9
Q

The specialty of anthropology that looks at human beings as biological organisms and tries to discover what characteristics make them different from other organisms and what characteristics they share

A

Biological anthropology

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10
Q

A characteristic of the anthropological perspective that requires anthropologists to study similarities and differences across as many human societies as possible before generalizing about human beings and their activities
//
The study of humans as biological organism

A

Comparison

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11
Q

What is Cultural Anthropology

A

The study of living peoples and their culture primarily though their behaviours and beliefs

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12
Q

What is culture?

A

Sets of learned behavior,ideas and material goods that human beings share as members of society

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13
Q

What is design anthropology

A

The use of anthropological methods to develop new product ideas

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14
Q

What is ethnography

A

Firsthand observations of a particular culture

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15
Q

What is ethnology

A

The comparative study of two or more cultures

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16
Q

What is evolution?

A

The process by which different kinds of living organisms are thought to have developed and diversified from earlier forms during the history of the earth.

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17
Q

An extended period of close involvement with the people in whose way of life anthropologists are interested, during which anthropologists ordinarily collect most of their data

A

Fieldwork

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18
Q

What is gender?

A

The culturally constructed roles assigned to males or females, which vary considerably from society to society

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19
Q

What is globalization?

A

Reshaping of local conditions by powerful global forces on an ever-intensifying scale

20
Q

What is Holistic?

A

Looking at something as a whole
//
How anthropology tries to integrate all that is known about human beings and their activities

21
Q

What are informants in anthropology?

A

People in particular who work with anthropologists and provide them with insights about the local way of life. Also called respondants, collaberators, teachers or friends

22
Q

What is language?

A

The system of arbitrary vocal symbol used to encode one’s experience of the world and others

23
Q

What is Linguistic anthropology?

A

The specialty of anthropology concerned with the study of human languages

24
Q

What is paleoanthropology

A

The study of human fossils and associated remains to understand human evolution

25
Q

What is primatology?

A

The study of non-human primates, the closest living relatives of human beings

26
Q

What are Races?

A

Social groupings that allegedly reflect biological differences

27
Q

What is racism defined?

A

The systematic oppression of members of one or more socially defined “Race”

28
Q

What is sex? ;)

A

The physical characteristics that traditionally distinguish two kinds of humans, females and males.

29
Q

What distinguishes differences between sex?

A

Body shapes, distribution of body hair, reproductive organs, sex chromosomes

30
Q

What is Material Culture?

A

Objects created or shaped by humans and given meaning through cultural practices

31
Q

What is Medical Anthropology?

A

The specialty of anthropology that concerns itself with human health–the factors that contribute to disease or illness and the ways that human populations deal with disease or illness

32
Q

What are the main subfields of anthropology?

A

Cultural anthropology, Biological anthropology, linguistic anthropology, and Archaeology

33
Q

What is the “Holistic Approach” in Anthropology

A

How everything we do is related within our culture

34
Q

How do anthropologists use comparative perspective?

A

They use comparative perspective to understand similarities and differences within and between human goups

35
Q

What is cultural relativism?

A

Not judging a culture to our own standards of what is right or wrong, strange or normal

36
Q

What are ethnolinguistics

A

The study of human languages

37
Q

Participant Observation

A

Participating within the community you’re observing

38
Q

Darwin’s Evidence

A

Domesticated plants and animals
Geographic distribution of life forms

39
Q

How are domesticated plants and animals evidence to Darwin’s evolution theory

A

We’ve greatly changed/evolved what we domesticated to be ideal to our needs

examples: corn and cown

40
Q

Example of Geographic distribution of life forms

A

Galapagos flinches lived in isolation after being separated from main land flinches and evolved to adapt to the isles

41
Q

Vestigial organs

A

Organs without a function

42
Q

What is Mandels first principle?

A

When we are born we receive a copy of a characteristic from both parents. But only one will pass on when we reproduce.

43
Q

Genotype

A

The genes you inherit

44
Q

PHenotype

A

Physical aspect you inherit

45
Q
A

ANTH 101 (15 decks)

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