Chapter 4 Flashcards
Ethics
the set of moral principles or values that defnes right and wrong for a person or group
Ethical behavior
behavior that conforms to a society’s accepted principles of right and wrong
Workplace deviance
unethical behavior that violates organizational norms about right and wrong
Production deviance
unethical behavior that hurts the quality and quantity of work produced
Property deviance
unethical behavior aimed at the organization’s property or products
Employee shrinkage
employee theft of company merchandise
Personal aggression
hostile or aggressive behavior toward others
Political deviance
using one’s infuence to harm others in the company
Ethical intensity
the degree of concern people have about an ethical issue
Magnitude of consequences
the total harm or beneft derived from an ethical decision
Social consensus agreement
on whether behavior is bad or good
Probability of effect
the chance that something will happen that results in harm to others
Temporal immediacy
the time between an act and the consequences the act produces
Proximity of effect
the social psychological cultural or physical distance between a decision maker and those affected by his or her decisions
Concentration of effect
the total harm or beneft that an act produces on the average person
Preconventional level of moral development
the frst level of moral development in which people make decisions based on selfsh reasons
Conventional level of
moral development the second level of moral development in which people make decisions that conform to societal expectations
Principle of long-term
self-interest an ethical principle that holds that you should never take any action that is not in your or your organization’s long-term self-interest
Postconventional level
of moral development the third level of moral development in which people make decisions based on internalized principles
Principle of personal
virtue an ethical principle that holds that you should never do anything that is not honest open and truthful and that you would not be glad to see reported in the newspapers or on TV
Principle of religious injunctions
an ethical principle that holds that you should never take any action that is not kind and that does not build a sense of community
Principle of government
requirements an ethical principle that holds that you should never take any action that violates the law for the law represents the minimal moral standard
Principle of utilitarian
benefts an ethical principle that holds that you should never take any action that does not result in greater good for society
Principle of individual
rights an ethical principle that holds that you should never take any action that infringes on others’ agreed-upon rights
Principle of distributive
justice an ethical principle that holds that you should never take any action that harms the least fortunate among us: the poor the uneducated the unemployed
Overt integrity test
a written test that estimates job applicants’ honesty by directly asking them what they think or feel about theft or about punishment of unethical behaviors
Personality-based
integrity test a written test that indirectly estimates job applicants’ honesty by measuring psychological traits such as dependability and conscientiousness
Whistleblowing reporting
others’ ethics violations to management or legal authorities
Social responsibility
a business’s obligation to pursue policies make decisions and take actions that beneft society
Shareholder model
a view of social responsibility that holds that an organization’s overriding goal should be proft maximization for the beneft of shareholders
Stakeholder model
a theory of corporate responsibility that holds that management’s most important responsibility long-term survival is achieved by satisfying the interests of multiple corporate stakeholders
Stakeholders persons or
groups with a “stake” or legitimate interest in a company’s actions
Secondary stakeholder
any group that can infuence or be infuenced by a company and can affect public perceptions about the company’s socially responsible behavior
Primary stakeholder any
group on which an organization relies for its long-term survival
Legal responsibility
a company’s social responsibility to obey society’s laws and regulations
Economic responsibility
a company’s social responsibility to make a proft by producing a valued product or service
Ethical responsibility
a company’s social responsibility not to violate accepted principles of right and wrong when conducting its business
Discretionary responsibilities
the social roles that a company fulflls beyond its economic legal and ethical responsibilities
Social responsiveness
refers to a company’s strategy to respond to stakeholders’ economic legal ethical or discretionary expectations concerning social responsibility
Reactive strategy
a social responsiveness strategy in which a company does less than society expects
Defensive strategy
a social responsiveness strategy in which a company admits responsibility for a problem but does the least required to meet societal expectations
Proactive strategy
a social responsiveness strategy in which a company anticipates a problem before it occurs and does more than society expects to take responsibility for and address the problem
Accommodative strategy
a social responsiveness strategy in which a company accepts responsibility for a problem and does all that society expects to solve that problem
